母亲产褥期膳食摄入与婴儿湿疹的关联

Association between maternal dietary intake during postpartum period and infant eczema

目的探讨母乳喂养的母亲产褥期各大类食物摄入与婴儿湿疹发生风险的关系。方法基于广州市一项队列研究,在孕中期招募孕妇,于产后6~8周进行面对面随访。针对母乳喂养的母亲,由训练有素的调查员采用信效度良好的食物频率问卷调查其产后一个月的膳食摄入情况,并收集婴儿湿疹发病情况。根据2016年中国居民膳食指南划分食物类别,计算各大类食物摄入量,采用多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析母亲产褥期膳食与婴儿湿疹的关系。结果共纳入468对母子,产后6~8周湿疹累计发病率为47.44%。湿疹组母亲与非湿疹组母亲的谷薯类、蔬菜、水果、红肉、禽肉、鱼类、蛋、奶制品、大豆以及坚果摄入量差异无统计学意义。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析结果显示,母亲产褥期鱼类摄入每增加一个标准差,婴儿湿疹的发病风险增加26.4%(OR=1.264, 95%CI:1.015~1.574,P=0.037)。其中淡水鱼摄入每增加一个标准差,婴儿湿疹发生风险增加27.2%(OR=1.272, 95%CI:1.019~1.588,P=0.034),未发现深海鱼摄入与婴儿湿疹发生有关。结论母亲产褥期较高的淡水鱼类摄入与婴儿湿疹发生风险增高有关。

Objective To explore the association between maternal food group intakes in breastfeeding women during postpartum period and the risk of infant eczema. Methods Participants were from a prospective cohort study in Guangzhou, China. Mothers were recruited in the second trimester and followed up at 6-8 weeks after delivery by a face-to-face interview. Trained investigators collected dietary information of breastfeeding mothers during first month after delivery using a validated food frequency questionnaire, and collected infant eczema information. Food items were aggregated into 10 food groups according to the 2016 Chinese Dietary Guidelines, and the intake of each food group was calculated. The association between maternal dietary intake during postpartum period and infant eczema was tested using multivariate Logistic regression models. Results A total of 468 mother-infant pairs were enrolled. The cumulative incidence of infant eczema at 6-8 weeks postpartum was 47.44%. No statistical differences were observed in maternal intakes of cereals and tubers, vegetables, fruits, red meat, poultry, fish, eggs, dairy, soybean, and nuts and seeds between eczema group and control group. The results of multivariate Logistic regression analysis model showed that the risk of infant eczema increased by 26.4% with the increase of one standard deviation of fish intake during puerperium(OR=1.264, 95% CI: 1.015-1.574, P=0.037). The risk of infant eczema increased by 27.2% for each standard deviation increase of freshwater fish intake(OR=1.272, 95% CI: 1.019-1.588, P=0.034), while no such association was observed for deep-sea fish. Conclusions Maternal higher intake of freshwater fish during postpartum period was associated with an increased risk of infant eczema.