辽宁省学生近视情况及其影响因素

Analysis of myopia and its influencing factors among students in Liaoning Province

目的了解2019年辽宁省学生视力情况,并分析其影响因素。为进一步制定防治学生近视策略和措施提供科学依据。方法采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样的方法,抽取辽宁省14个市学生,对抽取的学生进行远视力检查、屈光检查和问卷调查。利用Logistic回归分析模型分析学生近视发生的影响因素。结果辽宁省学生的近视率为53.17%。多因素Logistic回归分析模型分析发现,影响视力的主要因素有经济分类、城乡划分、性别、学校类型、是否住校、座位调换情况、眼保健操情况、户外活动是否达标情况及是否存在视屏时间过长行为(均有P<0.05)。其中经济水平好(OR=0.802, 95%CI:0.751~0.855)、性别女(OR=0.663, 95%CI:0.635~0.692)、高年级(初中OR=0.337, 95%CI:0.358~0.398;高中OR=0.182, 95%CI:0.170~0.196;职高OR=0.392, 95%CI:0.351~0.438)、不住校(OR=0.771, 95%CI:0.716~0.830)、座位至少每月调换1次(OR=0.801, 95%CI:0.739~0.868)和眼保健操每天做2次及以上(OR=0.922, 95%CI:0.850~0.998)与近视率的降低有关,而经济水平中等(OR=1.215, 95%CI:1.115~1.323)、郊县地区(OR=1.134, 95%CI:1.083~1.187)、户外活动不达标(OR=1.069, 95%CI:1.014~1.128)和存在视屏时间过长行为(OR=1.221, 95%CI:1.166~1.280)则与近视率增加有关。结论辽宁省学生近视发生率相对较高,防控形势严峻。应采取改变学生的用眼习惯、加强体育锻炼等措施,多方联合的防控手段,以减少学生近视的发生。

Objective To investigate the myopia of students in Liaoning Province in 2019 and analyze its influencing factors, so as to provide scientific basis for further formulating the strategy and the measure of preventing and curing the myopic students. Methods Students from 14 cities in Liaoning Province were selected by multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling, and their long-range vision, refractive examination and questionnaire survey were conducted. Logistic regression analysis was conducted to explore the influencing factors of myopic students. Results The myopic rate of students in Liaoning Province was 53.17%. Multiple Logistic regression analysis showed that the main factors affecting myopic rate were economic classification, urban and rural division, gender, school type, whether living in school, seat exchange, eye exercise, whether outdoor activities meeting the standard and whether existing excessive video-time(all P<0.05). Among them, the reduction of myopic rate was related to the good economic level(OR=0.802, 95% CI: 0.751-0.855), gender(OR=0.663, 95% CI: 0.635-0.692), senior grade(junior high school OR=0.337, 95% CI: 0.358-0.398;high school OR=0.182, 95% CI: 0.170-0.196;vocational high school OR=0.392, 95% CI: 0.351-0.438), not living in school(OR=0.771, 95% CI: 0.716-0.830), changing seats at least once a month(OR=0.801, 95% CI: 0.739-0.868) and doing eye exercises at least twice a day(OR=0.922, 95% CI: 0.850-0.998), but the medium economic level(OR=1.215, 95% CI: 1.115-1.323), the suburb county area(OR=1.134, 95% CI: 1.083-1.187), substandard outdoor activities(OR=1.069, 95% CI: 1.014-1.128) and too much screen time(OR=1.221, 95% CI: 1.166-1.280) were related to the myopic rate increase. Conclusions The incidence of myopia among students in Liaoning Province was relatively high and the situation of prevention and control was severe. We should take effective measures such as changing students’ habit of using eyes, strengthening physical exercise and so on, multi-ways joint prevention and control means to diminish the occurrence of students’ myopia.