脐血间充质干细胞治疗感音神经性听力下降的研究进展

Research advances on umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cell in therapy of sensorineural hearing loss

因耳蜗、听神经或听觉中枢病变引起的感音神经性听力下降(sensorineural hearing loss,SNHL)是人类最常见的感觉功能障碍性疾病[1],根据病因可分为遗传性、获得性和特发性。超过60%的先天性或早发性SNHL有遗传因素[2],另约35%有明确的获得性病因,如宫内感染、环境因素暴露、脑膜炎、应用耳毒性药物、母孕期药物应用史或饮酒史、早产、出生时低Apgar评分等[3]。

Sensorineural hearing loss(SNHL) is a difficult and hot issue in the field of otology. The effect of medications targeting the mechanism of SNHL are often unsatisfactory for hearing improvement. Hearing aids and cochlear implants are the mainstream treatment methods at present, but neither of them can reverse the pathological changes of affected inner ear. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells transplantation has been confirmed by several animal studies and clinical trials to have great potential for clinical applications in restoring the structure of the inner ear and hearing improvement to some extent. In this review, we review the characteristics of umbilical cord blood derived mesenchymal stem cells(UCBMSCs), the approaches of transplantation, the efficacy and mechanism of UCBMSCs in the treatment of SNHL, and the safety of clinical application, covering the existing problems and future prospects of this rising treatment.