中国制造业环境效率与污染精准减排路径选择

Environmental Efficiency and Precise Pollution Emission-reducing Path Choice for China’s Manufacturing

面对严峻的资源和环境约束,经济高质量发展对产业节能减排提出了更高的要求,分类施策、精准减排是产业绿色化发展的有效途径。采用基于松弛的内生方向性距离函数和考虑行业异质性的群组前沿相结合的环境效率测度模型,评估2005—2015年制造业细分行业环境效率,并进一步计算各类污染物的减排潜力和边际减排成本,进而在潜力—成本综合框架下,设计制造业污染精准减排路径方案。研究发现:样本期间,中国制造业环境效率显著提高,但仍存在较大改善空间,且不同污染特征的行业群组环境技术差异较大,环境效率表现较差的行业主要有化学原料和化学制品制造业、黑色金属冶炼和压延加工业以及造纸和纸制品业等,是制造业污染减排的重点行业,且不同行业应实施差异化的减排路径。综合考虑不同行业各类污染物的减排潜力和成本,提出全面推进式、重点突出式、循序渐进式和平稳保持式四种减排路径,有助于明确科学合理的制造业污染精准减排方向,在保证减排效果的同时,实现资源的优化配置,推动制造业绿色发展进程。

Restrained by resource and environment,high-quality development demands greater on energy-saving and emission-reducing.Classified measures and precise emission-reducing are effective ways for green development of manufacturing.The environmental efficiency is evaluated by slack-based endogenous directional distance function(SBEDDF)and group frontier considering the heterogeneity of technology.Further,the emission-reducing potential and marginal emission reduction cost are calculated.Then,under the framework of potential and cost,two-dimensional matrix is used to explore the path of pollution reduction.It shows that the environmental efficiency of China’s manufacturing has improved significantly,but there is still room for improvement.Industry groups with different pollution characteristics vary greatly in environmental technologies,and those with poor environmental performance should be noticed.Considering both potential and cost,four paths of pollution emission reducing are provided.It helps to define a more scientific direction of pollution-reducing in manufacturing.