西南官话川黔片黔中小片语音的新老差异

The Differences of the Pronunciation between the New and the Old people in the Small Qianzhong Piece of Chuan-Qian Dialect in Southwest Mandarin

西南官话川黔片黔中小片语音新老派在声母、韵母方面的差异最为显著。声母方面,来源于疑母、影母的[?]、[l]逐渐变为零声母,一些见系二等字的声母由舌根音[k、k^(h)、x]变为舌面音[tc、tc^(h)、c],一些从心母一三等入声字声母由[tc^(h)、c]向[ts、s]转变等;韵母方面,一些遇山臻摄合口三四等字产生了撮口呼,一些臻摄开口一三等端系字的韵母由[■n]向[uen]转变等。也有个别点具有自身的特征,如花溪章组假摄麻韵开口三等字声韵的转变等。以上变化新派向普通话靠拢,内部趋向一致,但发展速度及变化结果却不完全一致,呈现出离散性,表现出词汇扩散的特点。

The most significant differences of the pronunciation between the new and the old people in the small Qianzhong piece of Chuan-Qian dialect in southwest Mandarin are initials and finals.Firstly,the[ŋ]and[l]coming fromYi mu(疑母)and Ying mu(影母)gradually turn into zero initial,the velar initials[k,kh,x]of some words from theErdeng(二等字)ofJianxi(见系)turn into the lingual sounds[tɕ,tɕh,ɕ],the initials[tɕh、ɕ]of someRusheng(入声)words from theYi or San deng ofXin mu(心母)turn into[ts,s],etc.Secondly,the finals of someSan or Si deng words fromYu(遇)、Shan(山)、Zhen(臻)She(摄)producedCuokouhu(撮口呼),the final[ən]of someYi or San deng Kaikou(开口)words fromDuanxi(端系)ofZhen She turn into[uen],etc.There are also some individual points with their own characteristics,such as the changes of the initials and finals of the Kaikou Sandeng words from Zhangzu(章组)in Huaxi(花溪).The above new school of change is closer to Putonghua and tends to be the same internally,but the development speed and change result are not completely the same,showing a discrete,showing the characteristics of vocabulary diffusion.