大数据时代互联网平台公开数据赋权保护的反思与法律救济进路

Raising Questions about the Empowerment Protection of Open Data on Internet Platform in the Big Data Era and the Legal Remedies

对于互联网平台公开数据的保护不宜采取赋权的强保护模式,应当采取反不正当竞争法的行为规制模式。激励理论与公地悲剧理论不能作为互联网平台公开数据赋权保护的正当性基础,赋权保护无法满足数据权利的法定性与透明度的内在要求,强行适用赋权保护会过度妨害数据市场运转、数据技术提升、科学研究以及数据共享。运用反不正当竞争法保护互联网平台公开数据时,须转变数据保护的思维理念,摒弃司法实践中的权利侵害式裁判模式,回归对互联网平台数据竞争行为自身的正当性评判。在一般性条款的适用过程中,司法裁判者应秉持反不正当竞争法的谦抑性,并借用比例原则对互联网平台数据竞争行为的边界进行限定,维持不同数据相关主体利益以及公共利益之间的平衡。

Instead of giving such strong protection to open data on the internet platform as empowerment,it is recommended to adopt the behavior regulation model of anti-unfair competition law.Incentive theory and the tragedy of commons theory are not the legitimate basis for protecting open data right on internet platform by empowerment.Protection by way of empowerment cannot meet the inherent requirements of the legality and transparency of big data.Forcible application of empowerment protection may overly harm the operation of data market,the improvement of data technology,scientific research,and data sharing.In protecting the open data on internet platform by anti-unfair competition law,it is necessary to change the traditional thinking,abandon the right infringement judgement model in judicial practice,and develop the justification for internet platform data competition behavior.In applying the general rules,judges should abide by the modesty of anti-unfair competition law,delineate the boundary of internet platform data competition according to the principle of proportionality,and maintain the balance of interests between relevant stakeholders concerned and the public interest.