语境泛化策略——以维吾尔语用反义词强化语义为例

Context Generalization Strategy——Using Antonyms in Uighur to Strengthen Semantic Meaning

语义扩展是语法化演变的重要机制之一。在此机制中,词义扩展到新的语境,有些形容词通过语法化演变成程度副词。维吾尔语用负面反义词来强化语义的现象比较常见,如,yaman"坏,厉害,极其"、s?t"丑陋,极其"、qattiq"硬,极其"、eγir"重,沉重"、w?h2i"可怕的,极其"等词语通过语法化演变,演变为程度副词。维吾尔语词语的语义扩展演变,除了语言语法化普遍规则之外,还与词语的口语化程度具有密切关系。

Contextualization is one of the important strategies of grammaticalization. In this mechanism, the semantic meaning of words will be extended into new contexts, or in this case, some adjectives will transform into intensifiers sucha as adverbs of degree. In Uighur, intensifying the semantic meaning of words by adjectives with negative features are often encountered, for example, some adjectives like yaman which means bad;terribly, extremly, s?t which means ugly;very, extremly, qattiq which means hard;very, extremly, eγir which means heavy;very, extremly, w?h2 i which means terrible;very, extremly often become intensifiers by the way of grammaticalization process. Besides the universal principle of grammaticalization, contextualization in Uighur is also closely related to the degree of colloquialism.