阳丰及其芽变品种黄金1号甜柿特性的比较研究

Comparative Study on Characteristics of Yangfeng and its Bud Variety Huangjin No.1 Sweet Persimmon

黄金1号是从阳丰芽变中选育出来的甜柿品种,果实品质优良。本研究通过对2个品种的多年多地点田间观察和分析,对2个品种生物学性状、经济性状、果实性状、抗病性进行了对比研究。试验结果表明,两者物候期、植物学特性相似,且都具有早实性和丰产性。但在果实性状、抗病性方面存在显著差异。果实性状方面,黄金1号果实近圆形,果顶微凸,单果重较重,平均单果重是阳丰的2.14倍,而阳丰果实呈扁圆形,果顶微凹。黄金1号的单宁、可溶性固形物、还原性抗坏血酸含量分别是阳丰的1.47倍、1.16倍、1.54倍。储藏性方面,黄金1号的耐储藏时间较短,仅有20天;阳丰贮藏时间略长,为31天。抗病性方面,黄金1号抗角斑病和圆斑病能力强于阳丰。综上所述,黄金1号大多数果实品质指标优于阳丰甜柿,特别是在果型和单果重方面,优质果率明显提高,而且抗病性强,是阳丰甜柿的优良变异品种,具有很好的推广价值。

Golden No.1 is a sweet persimmon variety selected from yangfeng bud transformation with good fruit quality. In this study, the biological, economic, fruit and disease resistance of the two cultivars were compared by observing and analyzing the two cultivars in multiple sites for many years. The results showed that the phenological period and botanical characteristics of the two plants were similar, and both plants had early fruition and high yield. However, there were significant differences in fruit characters and disease resistance. In terms of fruit characters, the fruit of Jin-1 is nearly round with a slightly convex apex. The average weight of single fruit is 2.14 times that of Yangfeng, which is flat and slightly concave on the apex. The tannin, soluble solid and reducing ascorbic acid content of Gold No.1 were 1.47 times, 1.16 times and 1.54 times of Yangfeng, respectively. In terms of storage, gold No.1 has a relatively short shelf life of only 20 days. Yangfeng storage time is slightly longer, 31 days. In terms of disease resistance, The ability of Gold No. 1 to resist keratosis and round spot was stronger than That of Yangfeng. In conclusion, most of the fruit quality indexes of Gold No. 1 were better than yangfeng sweet Persimmon, especially in the aspect of fruit type and single fruit weight, the high quality fruit rate was significantly improved, and the disease resistance was strong. It was an excellent variant variety of Yangfeng sweet persimmon and had good promotion value.