中国共产党民族理论百年演进的历史逻辑

The Historical Logic of One Hundred Years of Evolution of the CPC s Ethnic Theory

中国共产党民族理论百年演进的奋斗历程表明,必须把马克思主义民族理论基本原理与中国民族问题的具体实际相结合,建立中国特色的民族理论体系。中国共产党的民族理论既不是先天长成的,亦不是后天做成的,而是多种因素合力下长成的。其中,作为“材料”的民族主义、作为“方法”的民族运动、作为“他者”的民族国家、作为“根基”的民族精神、作为“使命”的民族复兴五重面向,反映了党民族理论历史起步时期不同阶段的主题、内容及特征。当然,这些面向并非边界清晰可判,在不同的阶段有时侧重突出一面,有时多面交织呈现。虽然此时的民族理论不可避免地呈现出某些不成熟的面向,但已初具雏形,并为其后的渐进改进提供了理论前站、搭建了总体框架。这一探讨,对理解中国共产党民族理论百年演进的艰难性、曲折性、多元性和复杂性具有重要的价值。

Ethnic Theory is a very complex and wide-ranging field.As a theoretical weapon to explain and respond to ethnic phenomena,ethnic problems and ethnic relations,the theoretical basis and guiding ideology of contemporary Chinese ethnic theory is Marxist ethnic theory.Because of China s particular national conditions,the course of the formation,establishment and development of the CPC s ethnic theory,policy and system is very complicated.This article tries to link up many“variables”in the successive evolution of ethnic theory,and tries to establish a total framework.The main innovative points of this paper are as follows:1)Nationalism as“material”is not limited to a certain period,and viewed from the evolution of the ethnic theory of the Communist Party of China in the past century,nationalism constitutes the early form of ethnic theory,and exerts an important influence on the formation of ethnic theory.2)At the critical moment of national crisis,the Chinese people who had the foresight never ceased their exploration of national independence and the Liberation Movement.3)The“nation-state”was the initial identity of“the other”within the horizon of time.But the nation-state as the“other”is not limited to a certain period,but the“other shore”that the Communist Party of China tries to reach in the process of enabling the poor and weak in China to rise up,become rich and becoming strong.4)After the failure of the big revolution(1927),the Kuomintang and the Communist Party of China began to respond to nationalism as“material”,the national movement as“method”and nation-state as“the other”in different ways.The CPC has gradually stepped out of the“narrow”space and nationalism in the Chinese Communist Party s system of ethnic theory has been properly placed.5)In the process of leading the Chinese nation for nearly one hundred years to realize its great rejuvenation,national rejuvenation as“mission”is the original intention of the CPC.The 100-year evolution of the Chinese Communist Party s ethnic theory shows that we must combine the basic principles of Marxist ethnic theory with the concrete reality of the Chinese ethnic problems and establish a system of ethnic theory with Chinese characteristics.The ethnic theory of the Communist Party of China is neither innate nor acquired,but a combination of many factors.Among them,nationalism as“material”,national movement as“method”,nation-state as“other”,national spirit as“foundation”,and national rejuvenation as“mission”are five aspects of ethnic theory.They reflect the theme,content and characteristics of the party s ethnic theory in different stages since its historical beginnings.