中华多民族谚语的文化特性和文化价值研究

A Study on the Cultural Characteristics and Values of Chinese Multi-Ethnic Proverbs

中华多民族谚语指的是中华民族“多元一体”或“一族多群”的谚语系统,它既是一个多元的结构,指称组成中华民族成员的众多民族的谚语形态,又是一个集合概念,是在一定数量基础上对中华谚语一体性和共通性的综合和概指。中华多民族谚语内容上具有经验性、哲理性和科学性的特征;形式上具有口语性、异变性、艺术性和民族性的特征;使用功能上具有俗传性、权威性和教育性的特征。中华多民族谚语的传承与扩布,显示了其创作主体多元性与历史悠久性,其自身发展的辐射性与吸纳性以及调适性和变化性。中华多民族谚语具有文化认同价值和多民族共有精神的建构价值,潜沉在中华多民族谚语这一载体中的中华民族精神品质和民族精神特性是推动中华文化向前发展的内在动力,是中华各民族的共同财富,是具有文化价值的“中国经验”。全方位开展中华多民族谚语的整理与研究,对保持中华优秀传统文化的独特魅力、推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、发挥语言文化引领风尚使民族文化血脉薪火相传,具有极为重要的意义。

Chinese multi-ethnic proverbs refer to the system of proverbs under the Chinese nation s framework of“unity in diversity”or“one nation composed of multiple ethnic groups”.It is not only a pluralistic structure,referring to the proverbs of various ethnic groups who are the members of the Chinese nation,but also a collective concept which is a synthesis or generalization of the oneness and universality of Chinese proverbs on the basis of certain numbers.In terms of the content,the characteristics of Chinese multi-ethnic proverbs are experiential,philosophical and scientific;in terms of the form,they are characterized by being oral,differential,artistic and ethnic;and in terms of their function,they have the characteristics of being popular,authoritative and educational.The transmission and spread of Chinese multi-ethnic proverbs illustrate the diversity of the subjects of their creation and their long history,as well as the radiance,attraction,adjustment and evolution in the process of their development.Chinese multi-ethnic proverbs are the main vehicle that carry the historical memory of various ethnic groups in China.They are the important carriers of the common spiritual and cultural wealth that embody the cultural connotations of the multi-ethnic groups of China,and reflect or record cultural identity and cultural inheritance.At the same time,they are also the spiritual guidance of the historical shape of the Chinese nation and the social expression of the appeal of the values of the nation-state.Chinese multi-ethnic proverbs have the value of both cultural identification and the construction of the multi-ethnic common spirit.The spiritual qualities and characteristics of the Chinese nation embedded in the bearers of the Chinese multi-ethnic proverbs are the inner power which promotes the development of Chinese culture,the common wealth of all Chinese people and the“Chinese experience”with cultural values.The comprehensive study of Chinese multi-ethnic proverbs will promote the study of proverbs of different ethnic groups,as well as encourage dialogue and communication within the disciplines of ethnic minority literature and linguistics.This will strengthen the understanding of language,culture,literature and history of different ethnic groups at a deeper level,deepen the entire society s awareness of the importance of the culture of ethnic proverbs,jointly examine our cultural heritage and build bridges of understanding between different cultures.This is of great political significance for promoting ethnic unity,safeguarding national unity and enhancing the overall cohesion of the Chinese nation.Meanwhile,Chinese multi-ethnic proverbs contain the most enduring concepts of consciousness and the deepest pursuit of a common cultural spirit,and encompass the full affirmation of common cultural values,as well as a firm belief in the vitality of a shared culture.The comprehensive study of Chinese multi-ethnic proverbs is conducive to carrying forward national culture,building a common spiritual home for the Chinese nation,and demonstrating the cultural confidence of the Chinese nation.This plays an important role in creating the new culture of the Chinese nation with its own characteristics,and reflects the epistemological significance of the study and application of proverbs.