印度独立后中小学教师社会地位保障策略分析

Analysis on the Social Status Security Strategies for Primary and Secondary School Teachers after India’s Independence

中小学教师社会地位的提升需要综合运用政治、经济、文化等多元力量,而在这方面,印度的经验很值得我们研究与学习。通过梳理印度独立后的相关制度与措施可以发现,政府是中小学教师社会地位的核心保障主体,教师工会发挥着辅助保障作用。政府综合运用了政治、经济、文化、法律等多元力量保障中小学教师拥有较高的社会地位,具体策略包括:借助文化、政治双重力量,强化"尊崇教师"理念,为保障中小学教师社会地位奠定重要的理念基础;形成多元投入,为保障公立中小学教师社会地位提供更丰富的财政支持;强化法律建设,依法保障私立学校教师权益与社会地位。教师工会则主要运用政治和法律力量保障中小学教师的权益,促进其社会地位不断提升,具体策略主要包括:通过参与选举,进入邦立法院和上议院,运用政治影响力来保障、提升中小学教师社会地位;通过组织罢工和协助诉讼方式来保障教师群体与教师个人的权益。

The promotion of the social status of primary and secondary school teachers requires comprehensive use of multiple forces such as political,economic and cultural ones.In this respect,the experience of India is worth studying and learning. By sorting out the relevant systems and measures after India’s independence,it can be found that the government is the core guarantee subject of the social status of primary and secondary school teachers and Teachers’ Unions play a supporting role. The government has comprehensively used political,economic,cultural and legel forces to ensure a higher social status for the primary and secondary school teachers. Firstly,strengthening the idea of respecting teachers lays an important conceptual foundation for ensuring the social status of primary and secondary school teachers with the help of both cultural and political forces. Secondly,diversified investing mechanism provides richer financial support for guaranteeing the social status of public primary and secondary school teachers. Thirdly,the legal construction protects the rights and interests of private teachers and their social status. Teachers’ Union mainly use political and legal power to protect the rights and interests of primary and secondary school teachers and promote their social status. The main strategies adopted are:Using political influence to protec and improve the social status of primary and secondary school teachers through participating in the election,entering the State court and house of Lords;Protecting the rights and interests of group of teachers and individual teachers by organizing strikes and assistance in litigation.