丰富的痛苦——论拜伦的海洋体验与海洋抒写

Abundance of Pain:On Byron’s Ocean Experience and Ocean Expression

基于深刻的内在悲剧与丰富的外在痛苦,拜伦频频面向海洋、体验海洋、抒写海洋,并呈现以下特征:其一,拜伦将自己告别家乡、漂洋过海的苦涩体验反复移植到作品中,形成了其创作体系中以海洋抒写离别苦痛、渲染漂泊思绪的固定表达式以及世界文学离别与漂泊语境中的"拜伦模式";其二,拜伦赞叹大海的伟大与永恒,并以海洋的恒定性反衬人类的渺小、无助与历史的瞬间、易逝,黑暗被永恒吞噬的信心与个体无助徒劳的悲观交织;其三,拜伦热爱自然,渴求自由,海洋在其作品中既是自由(政治自由与精神自由、个体自由与普遍自由)的象征,又是自然的"精灵",具有鲜明的浪漫情怀、悲剧底蕴与泛神论色彩。海洋是拜伦的生命标识、精神象征以及创作的根本元素。

Based on the profound inner tragedy and rich external pain,Byron frequently faced,experienced and described the ocean,and presented the following characteristics:First,Byron repeatedly transplanted his bitter experience of leaving his hometown and crossing the sea into his works,formed a fixed expression and Byron model in world literature.Second,Byron praised the greatness and eternity of the sea,and contrasted the smallness and helplessness of human beings with the constancy of the ocean,and fleeting of history.Third,Byron loved nature and longed for freedom.In his works,ocean is not only the symbol of freedom(political freedom and spiritual freedom,individual freedom and universal freedom),but also the"spirit"of nature,with distinct romantic feelings,tragic details and pantheism color.Ocean is a symbol of Byron’s life,spirit and important creative element.