异托邦的“守望者”——塞林格笔下的麦田、权力与身份

The Catcher in the Heterotopias:Rye,Power and Identity in the Eyes of J.D.Salinger

美国现代作家杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格创作的小说《麦田里的守望者》讲述了十六岁少年霍尔顿从迷茫到成长的故事。这部小说不仅是一部关于青少年迷茫和成长的小说,也是一部对20世纪50年代美国社会进行无情揭露和批判的作品。塞林格在这部作品中创造出霍尔顿心中以"麦田"为代表的象征空间与法国哲学家福柯的"异托邦"理论有着高山流水般的契合。探索这部小说中存在的以"麦田"为象征的"异托邦"空间,及其对社会常规空间中权力流动的映射和批判,揭示常规空间中主流话语权力对人的"规范化"改造,从而使人丧失了主体地位而成为权力所压抑的对象。主人公霍尔顿正是以"异托邦"的视域看到了常规空间的真实面貌,从而完成了从空间边缘人到"异托邦""守望者"的身份转变。

The contemporary American novelist Jerome David Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye tells the story of Holden,a 16-year-old boy who is expelled from school,travels in New York for three days and finally grows up from confusion.This novel is not only about the confusion and growth of teenagers,but also a merciless disclosing and criticism of the American society in the 1950 s.This paper purports to apply Michel Foucault’s concept of heterotopia to the analysis of the heterotopias as described in Catcher in the Rye,among which the Rye is one of the main,outstanding heterotopias and its mapping and criticism of the power flow in the conventional space of society.This will reveal the normalized transformation of the mainstream discourse power in the conventional space,which makes people lose their subject status and become the object suppressed by power.Holden is able to see the real appearance of the conventional space from the perspective of heterotopia construction,thus completing the transformation of his identity from a man on the edge of the marginal space to a catcher in the heterotopias,namely,the Rye.