当代西方身份政治历史局限性反思

Reflections on the Historical Limitations of Contemporary Western Identity Politics

身份政治已经成为理解当代西方社会的关键词之一。左翼身份政治运动、少数族裔权利运动、新女权主义运动、白人身份政治运动是1960年代新社会运动以来身份政治的主要表现形式。经济全球化带来的不平衡、资本主义民主政治危机与多元文化主义内在矛盾是当代西方身份政治产生的重要动因。从唯物史观的角度看,身份政治遮蔽了阶级政治,对内激发民粹主义,对外引发"文明的冲突"。因此,唯有扬弃资本主义,身份政治问题才能得到根本解决。

Identity politics has become a key word in understanding contemporary Western society.The left-wing identity politics movement,the minority rights movement,the new feminist movement and the white identity politics movement are the main manifestations of identity politics since the new social movements of the 1960s.The imbalance caused by economic globalisation,the crisis of capitalist democratic politics and the inherent contradictions of multiculturalism are important motives for the emergence of identity politics in the contemporary West.From a materialist-historical perspective,identity politics has obscured class politics,fuelled populism internally and triggered"the clash of civilisations"externally.Therefore,only by sublating capitalism can the problem of identity politics be fundamentally resolved.