海口市居民海产品膳食结构的调查与分析

Investigation and Analysis on the Dietary Structure of Seafood in Haikou City

目的了解海口市居民海产品膳食结构情况,为评估经海产品膳食摄入暴露重金属等有害物质的健康风险提供依据。方法采用方便抽样方法于2018年7月~9月抽取446人海口市常住居民进行海产品膳食频率问卷调查,分析不同种类海产品食用人数情况、人均日摄入量及不同地区、性别、年龄间5类海产品人均日摄入量情况。结果海口市居民食用人数超过50%的海产品有6种,分别是海带、鱿鱼、紫菜、秋刀鱼、鲳鱼、白蛤。海口市常见的24种海产品总人均日摄入量为5.84 g/d,不同种类海产品人均日摄入量较高的5种海产品由高到低分别为海带、紫菜、秋刀鱼、鲳鱼和基围虾。不同地区藻类的人均日摄入量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且美兰区居民的藻类人均日摄入量高于其他市区;其余4类海产品的人均日摄入量不同地区间比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男性对甲壳类、头足类的人均日摄入量均高于女性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同性别鱼类、贝类和藻类的人均日摄入量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。不同年龄组间鱼类、甲壳类、贝类、藻类人均日摄入量比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);不同年龄组间头足类人均日摄入量比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论海口市居民对5大种类海产品的主要摄入种类为藻类和鱼类,且美兰区、≤20岁的居民对藻类的人均日摄入量最高,其他种类海产品在不同地区、性别、年龄组间的人均日摄入量不存在或存在的差异较小。

Objective To understand the dietary structure of seafood in Haikou City,and to provide a basis for assessing the health risks of heavy metals and other harmful substances from the dietary intake of seafood.Methods Convenience sampling was used to sample 446 permanent residents of Haikou City from July to September 2018 to conduct a questionnaire survey on the dietary frequency of seafood.Analyze the number of people consuming different types of seafood,per capita daily intake and the average daily intake of five types of seafood among different regions,genders and ages.Results Haikou City residents ate more than 50%of the seafood products in 6 categories,namely kelp,squid,seaweed,saury,pomfret,and white clams.The total per capita daily intake of 24 kinds of seafood in Haikou City was 5.84 g/d.The five types of seafood with higher per capita daily intake of different types of seafood were kelp,seaweed,and saury from high to low,Pomfret and Jiwei shrimp.The per capita daily intake of algae in different regions showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05).Moreover,the per capita daily intake of algae among residents in Meilan District was higher than that of other urban areas;there was no significant difference in the per capita daily intake of the other four types of seafood among different regions(P>0.05).The average daily intake of crustaceans and cephalopods in men was higher than that in women,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);There was no statistically significant difference in the per capita daily intake of fish,shellfish and algae of different sexes(P>0.05).Comparing the average daily intake of fish,crustaceans,shellfish and algae among different age groups,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);There was no significant difference in the average daily intake of cephalopods among different age groups(P>0.05).Conclusion The main intakes of Haikou residents for the five major types of seafood are algae and fish,and residents of Meilan District and those aged≤20 have the highest per capita daily intake of algae.The per capita daily intake of other types of seafood in different regions,genders,and age groups does not exist or there are small differences.