从利用资本主义到巩固社会主义的监督体制创新——列宁《布尔什维克能保持国家政权吗?》监督思想管窥及现实启示

Innovation of Supervision System from Utilizing Capitalism to Consolidating Socialism——A Restricted View of Lenin\s Can Bolsheviks Maintain State Power?and Its Practical Enlightenment

《布尔什维克能保持国家政权吗?》写于十月革命前夕,列宁在文章中既驳斥了对无产阶级单独夺取并保持政权的质疑,也论证了无产阶级政权在化解危机、管理国家方面的独特优势。列宁指出,由工农群众承担监督工作,对资产阶级进行监督而非消灭,不劳动者不得食,对社会生产和分配实行精确计算等措施是实现向社会主义过渡的关键步骤。早期监督思想进一步深化了列宁的社会主义革命理论,开启了防止官僚主义滋生的制度化建设之路,拓展了人民群众的立体化监督方式,解决了革命胜利后如何建设社会主义的现实难题。列宁早期监督思想对新时代中国特色社会主义权力监督体系建设具有重要的现实启示:有助于推进社会主义建设的顶层设计与制度创新,有助于克服官僚主义和个人专权,有助于落实人民民主的思想,凸显人民群众的主体地位。

Can Bolsheviks Maintain State Power?was written by Lenin on the eve of the October Revolution,Lenin not only refuted the query that the proletariat seized and maintained the power independently,but also demonstrated the unique advantages of the proletarian power in resolving the crisis and managing the country.Lenin pointed out that only when the power of supervision belongs to the proletariat,the bourgeoisie is supervised rather than eliminated,and resources are allocated in a unified way,can the crisis be overcome and real democracy be realized.Although Lenin’s early thinking and design on the construction of the Soviet regime was mainly to deal with the crisis,it further deepened and improved Lenin’s socialist revolutionary theory,opened the road of institutionalized construction to prevent the growth of bureaucracy,and expanded the three-dimensional supervision mode.These thoughts are of great significance to the construction of the socialist power supervision system with Chinese characteristics in the new era.They are helpful to promote the top-level design and system innovation of socialist construction in combination with practice,to overcome bureaucracy and individual dictatorship,to implement the people’s democratic thoughts,and to play the main position and historical role of the people.