低温逆境胁迫下小麦ROS代谢及调控机制研究进展

Research Progress of the Metabolism of Reactive Oxygen Species and its Regulation Mechanisms in Wheat Under Low Temperature Stress

全球气候变暖背景下低温逆境是限制小麦稳产丰产与优质的主要农业气象灾害之一。低温胁迫导致细胞内活性氧(reactive oxygen species,ROS)代谢失衡,高浓度的活性氧会引起蛋白质、膜脂、DNA及其他细胞组分的氧化损伤甚至导致细胞死亡,从而对植株叶片的光合作用、穗部小花发育和根系生理等产生抑制作用,最终导致小麦产量下降。本文系统阐述了ROS的产生、功能与清除,从小麦叶片生理、穗部发育与根系生理等方面总结了低温胁迫下ROS对小麦生长发育的影响,并对未来的研究进行展望,以期为我国小麦生产上防灾减灾和提质增效提供理论支撑。

In the overall situation of global warming,low temperature stress is one of the main agrometeorological disasters preventing wheat from attaining stable and high yields and high grain quality.Low temperature stress leads to metabolic imbalance in reactive oxygen species(ROS)in cells.High concentration of ROS can cause the oxidative damage of proteins,membrane lipids,DNA,and other cell components,even leading to cell death.Thus,imbalanced ROS metabolism in cells inhibits the photosynthesis of plant leaves,floret development of panicle,and root physiology,ultimately leading to a decline in wheat yield.This paper systematically elucidates the production,function,and elimination of ROS.The effects of ROS on wheat growth and development under low temperature stress are summarized in the aspects of wheat leaf physiology,ear development,and root physiology.The future research in this field is also envisioned,so as to provide theoretical support for wheat production in China with respect to prevention and reduction of disasters,and improvement of wheat quality and production efficiency.