72684例无偿献血者抗人球蛋白试验结果分析

Study on application value of antiglobulin test of 72684 blood donors

目的:通过对无偿献血者进行抗人球蛋白试验,了解献血者抗人球蛋白试验的血清学特性以评价输血前抗人球蛋白试验在安全输血中的意义。方法:通过对捐献全血的无偿献血者EDTA-K2抗凝血标本进行抗人球蛋白试验,红细胞进行直接抗人球蛋白试验,血浆进行间接抗人球蛋白试验,阳性者利用谱细胞进一步做血浆不规则抗体鉴定。记录抗人球蛋白试验阳性的献血者基本资料及试验结果,并进行统计学分析。结果:共计72 684例献血者血样进行抗人球蛋白试验,直接抗人球蛋白试验和(或)间接抗人球蛋白试验阳性258例(0.35%),女性献血者阳性率0.69%,高于男性献血者0.19%(P<0.01)。直接抗人球蛋白阳性献血者213例(0.29%),其中抗人-IgG 192例,抗-C_(3)d 8例,抗人-IgG和抗-C3d同时阳性13例。间接抗人球蛋白试验阳性55例(0.08%),鉴定出特异性的不规则抗体主要是抗-M 16例、抗-E 8例、抗-D 5例、抗-Le^(a) 4例。有10例直接和间接抗人球蛋白试验同时阳性。结论:对献血者进行抗人球蛋白试验可以有效筛查出抗体致敏红细胞或血浆不规则抗体,能避免影响主次侧交叉配血的血液发往临床,既能节省输血前交叉配血时间,又能降低输血风险,保障输血安全。

Objective:To study serological characteristics and evaluate the meaning of the antiglobulin test in blood transfusion by conducting antiglobulin test for blood donors. Method:EDTA-K2 anticoagulant blood samples came from donors who donated their whole blood in our blood station were used for antiglobulin test.Red blood cells were conducted direct antiglobulin test and plasma were conducted indirect antiglobulin test for the screening of irregular antibodies.When a positive antibody screen was obtained,further test should be undertaken to determine the specificity by using spectrum cells.Data of blood donation and results of antiglobulin test were recorded and analyzed statistically. Result:258 of 72 684(0.35%)cases of blood samples were positive indirect antiglobulin test and(or)indirect antiglobulin test.The positive rate of female blood donors(0.69%)was higher than that of male blood donors(0.19%)(P<0.01).213 cases(0.29%)were positive in direct antiglobulin test,including 192 cases of anti-IgG,8 cases of anti-C_(3)d and 13 cases of both.55 cases(0.08%)were positive in indirect antiglobulintest.Anti-M(16 cases),anti-E(8 cases),anti-D(5 cases)and anti-Le^(a)(4 cases)were the irregular antibodies most often detected.Ten cases were positive in direct antiglobulin test and indirect antiglobulin test.Conclusion:Performing antiglobulin test in blood samples from blood donators can effectively screen antibody sensitized erythrocyte and plasma irregular antibody,which can avoid these bloods sent to hospital and influence the cross matching.It can not only save the time of cross matching before transfusion,but also reduce the risk of blood transfusion and guarantee the safety of blood transfusion.