基于他者伦理的责任主体观

Responsible Subject Based on Ethic of the Other

自律的责任主体观认为主体能够自主地按照责任的要求来行动,然而,这种观点存在三大问题:一、主体并不能完全自主地行动;二、主体只能从内部寻找责任的源泉有局限性;三、它产生于一种不完善的理性人文主义。列维纳斯的他者伦理反思主体的自主性,认为主体及其责任是在他律的外部要求中产生的,用为他人的人本主义弥补理性人文主义的不足。对此,我们以列维纳斯的他者伦理为基础,提出以他律为前提、以关系为核心、以生成为路径的责任主体观。以他律为前提,不排除自律,而是将自律和他律对应于责任的不同层面。以关系为核心,强调责任主体是在与他者相遇、对话、亲近的关系中产生的。以生成为路径,指出责任主体是在动态的过程中不断生成的。

It is believed that subject could act autonomously according to the responsibility under the view of autonomy responsible subject. However, there exist three problems. First, the subject could not act totally autonomously. Second, it is limited for the subject only seeking the responsibility from interior motivation. Third, it comes from an insufficient rational humanism. Levinas’ ethics of the Other reflects on subject’s autonomy. He put forward that subject and its responsibility arose from the exterior demand of the Other and remedied the defect of rational humanism with a kind of humanism for the Other.Therefore, based on Levinas’ ethics of the Other, we advocate developing an emerging responsible subject in the relationship with the Other and under the premise of heteronomy. Heteronomy without rejecting autonomy is the premise. Heteronomy and autonomy correspond to different levels of responsibility. Relationship is the core which emphasizes that the responsible subject arises from the encounters, dialogue and proximity relationship with the Other. Emergence is the way through which the responsible subject is developing in a dynamic process.