近零能耗建筑评价的研究与实践

Research and Practice of Nearly Zero Energy Building Evaluation

近零能耗建筑的评价工作对引导设计和行业健康发展具有重要意义。本文梳理了国际主流近零能耗建筑评价体系,提出具有中国特色的近零能耗建筑评价框架,对中国建筑科学研究院评价的首批12栋超低耗建筑、近零耗建筑、零能耗建筑项目的能效指标,技术方案与技术特点进行分析。研究发现先实现超低能耗、再实现近零能耗、最终达到零能耗是各国建筑能效逐步提升的中长期发展战略。我国首批标识项目公共建筑综合节能率平均为83%,居住建筑能耗综合值平均为56 kW·h/(m^(2)·a),近零能耗建筑测评已经从摸索尝试阶段逐渐向实际应用转变。

The evaluation of nearly zero energy buildings is of great significance to guide the design and ensure the healthy development of the industry. This paper summarizes the international mainstream nearly zero energy building evaluation system, points out the nearly zero energy building evaluation framework with Chinese characteristics. The energy efficiency indicators, technical scheme and technical characteristics of the first batch of 12 projects with ultra-low/nearly zero/zero energy evaluated by China Academy of Building Research was analyzed. It is found that it is a mid-to-long term development trend suitable for all countries to gradually improve building energy efficiency and achieve nearly zero energy first and then realize zero energy. In the first demonstration projects, the average building energy saving rate of public buildings reached 83%, and the average level of primary energy consumption of residential buildings was 56 kW h/(m^(2)·a). The nearly zero energy building evaluation has been gradually transformed from an early stage of trial to practical application.