从外延式到内涵式发展:扩招二十年来高等教育政策的历史变迁与未来走向

From the Extension Development to the Connotative Development:Historical Changes and Future Trends of Higher Education Policy in the Past 20 Years of Enrollment Expansion

1999年扩招是我国高等教育发展的一大转折点,扩招以来高等教育政策经历了外延式发展、提升质量、内涵式发展三个阶段。运用历史制度主义的框架分析发现,二十年来我国高等教育政策变迁中的利益主体主要有政府、高校和家庭三者,并存在特定的演进逻辑和路径依赖。普及化时代高等教育政策应当注重鼓励高职分流成人教育生源;打破路径依赖推进混合制高校健康发展;配合一流学科建设涵养高等教育特色生态。

The enrollment expansion in 1999 was a turning point during the development of higher education in China.Since the enrollment expansion,the higher education policy has experienced three stages:extension development,quality improvement and connotative development.Based on the framework of institutional change theory,it is found that the interest groups are the government,universities and students'families,which have specific evolution characteristics of path dependence.In the age of universal higher education,it is significant to encourage higher vocational colleges to divert adult education students,to break path dependence and promote the healthy development of mixed universities,to cooperate with the construction of first-class disciplines to cultivate the characteristic ecology of higher education.