手术患者下肢深静脉血栓基本预防行为现状及影响因素

Current status of basic prevention behaviors of patients with lower limb deep venous thrombosis and its influencing factors

目的了解手术患者下肢深静脉血栓(DVT)基本预防行为缺陷及阻碍因素,为护理人员采取有针对性的DVT预防管理措施提供理论依据。方法采用分层抽样方法,选择某三甲综合医院的166名手术患者,应用自行编制手术患者DVT基本预防行为及阻碍因素问卷进行现状调查。结果166名手术患者DVT基本预防行为得分42.0±5.93分,处于中等偏上水平。多元线性回归分析显示,科室、吸烟史、目前状态、Caprini风险评分、每天卧床时间、行为阻碍因素总分是预防行为的主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论手术患者下肢深静脉血栓基本预防行为,处于中等偏上水平。预防行为得分骨科患者高于妇科、综合外科患者,吸烟的患者低于不吸烟的患者,术后高于术前,Caprini风险评分高的患者高于评分低的患者,绝对卧床的患者优于非卧床状态的患者。

Objective To understand the basic prevention behavioral defects of patients undergoing lower limb deep venous thrombosis(DVT) and obstructive factors, and provide a theoretical basis for nursing staff to take targeted DVT prevention and management measures. Methods The stratified sampling method was used to select 166 surgical patients from a thirdclass general hospital, and a questionnaire on basic preventive behaviors and hindering factors of DVT for surgical patients was used to investigate the current status. Results A total of 166 surgical patients scored 42.0 ± 5.93 points for basic prevention of DVT, which was in the upper middle level. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the department, smoking history, current status, Caprini risk score, daily bedtime, the total score of behavioral obstructive factors were the main influencing factors of preventive behavior(P<0.05). Conclusion The basic preventive behaviors of surgical patients with lower limb DVT were at the upper middle level. The prevention behaviors score of orthopedic patients was higher than that of gynecological and general surgical patients, the smoking patients were lower than non-smokers, before operation was higher than after operation, the patients with high Caprini risk scores were higher than those with low scores, and the patients who were absolutely bedridden were better than the patients who were in non-bedridden status.