地域视角下湘黔苗族传统民居对比研究

The Comparative Study of Miao People's Traditional Houses from the Regional Perspective in Hunan and Guizhou Province

受地理、历史、经济和文化等因素影响,苗族在服饰、方言、居住建筑形式等方面发展出不同形式,研究其异同对保护苗族传统文化、促进苗族文化传承具有重要意义。文章基于地域视角以凤凰县和松桃苗族自治县为例,从建筑平面功能布局、构造形式、建筑外立面、屋顶形式和建造工艺等方面对湘黔地区苗族传统民居进行对比分析,归纳它们的异同性,从而了解同一民族传统民居在不同地域环境下的适应性表达,在乡村振兴背景下指导村寨民居建设既保留民族特色,又尊重自然,与生态环境和谐统一。

Affected by geography,history,economy and culture,the Miao people have appeared in different forms in clothing,dialects,residential buildings,etc.Studying the similarities and differences is of great significance to protecting the traditional Miao culture and promoting the inheritance of Miao people culture.Based on the regional perspective,this paper takes Fenghuang County and Songtao Miao Autonomous County as examples,compares and analyzes the traditional houses of Miao nationality in Hunan province and Guizhou province region from the functional layout of the building,construction form,the building facade,the form of the roof and the construction process.To summarize their similarities and differences so as to understand the adaptive expression of traditional houses of the same nationality in different geographical environments,and to guide the construction of village houses under the background of rural revitalization while retaining national characteristics,respecting nature,and harmonizing with the ecological environment.