论宋人“扬陶抑谢”之“自然”观

On the“Nature”Connotation of“Worshipping Tao Yuan-ming and Disdaining Xie Ling-yun”in Song Dynasty

陶渊明、谢灵运之诗名,在中国诗歌史上熠熠相照、争辉千年。观其接受历程,颉颃当中还存易位,而宋代正是变之关捩。宋前陶、谢接受范型未存轩轾之争,但张力运动中已蓄分庭之势。入宋以来,陶诗更宜宋型文化之孳茂,使得谢灵运降至次要位置。宋代“扬陶抑谢”现象可从“自然”维度进行解读谢灵运修睦“辞巧”与“才性”,而陶渊明融通“辞达”与“平淡”,互映“自然”而致谢落陶起。宋代“扬陶抑谢”现象是“世情变文”规律的昭显,世情与文学之变导致陶谢“自然”接受之变。

The fame of Tao Yuan-ming and Xie Ling-yun have been shining for thousands of years in the history of Chinese poetry.There was transposition in the coexistence in their reception process,and Song Dynasty was the turning point of conversion.Before the Song Dynasty,there was no dispute about the acceptance pattern of Tao and Xie,but in the tension movement,there was a tendency of division.Since the Song Dynasty,Tao's poetry was more suitable for the development of Song culture,which made Xie Ling-yun a secondary position.The phenomenon of“worshipping Tao Yuan-ming and disdaining Xie Ling-yun”in Song Dynasty can be interpreted from the“nature”dimensions.Xie Ling-yun mediated“Ci Qiao”and“talent”,while Tao Yuan-ming merged“Ci Da”and“plain”,they showed each other's“nature”and made Xie inferior to Tao.In fact,the phenomenon of“worshipping Tao Yuan-ming and disdaining Xie Ling-yun”in the Song Dynasty is just the manifestation of the law of“social situation change literature”.Because of the changes of social and literary conditions,the“nature”of Tao and Xie changed inevitably.