二语隐性知识测量方法介评

Evaluation of the Measures of L2 Implicit Knowledge

本文基于意识标准,结合注意的详细结构与加工层次理论,围绕二语隐性知识测量研究中讨论和应用较多的方法即限时语法判断、诱导模仿和单词监控范式等展开系统的评析与讨论。分析表明:(1)仅施加时间压力并不能确保被试只调用隐性知识;(2)在实验材料中设置语法错误的句子可能会导致被试对语言形式意识程度的提高,进而诱导显性知识的调用;(3)多数研究尚采用单一方法测量隐性知识,其生态效度亦存在一定问题。文章建议,未来研究应以意识标准取代时间压力标准,从理解和产出加工层次,于视觉和听觉通道,合理运用多种测量方法精准测量二语隐性知识。

Based on the awareness criterion,the detailed structure of attention and Theory of Depths of Processing,a systematic analysis is conducted of the often-used measures of L2 implicit knowledge,i.e.timed grammaticality judgement task,elicited imitation task,and word-monitoring paradigm.It is shown that:(1)merely imposing time pressure in experimental settings cannot necessarily guarantee the employment of implicit knowledge;(2)inclusion of ungrammatical sentences in experimental materials may well raise subjects’level of awareness of linguistic forms and thus eliciting the use of explicit knowledge;(3)only one single method of measurement has been used in the majority of previous studies to gauge implicit knowledge with inherent problems in its ecological validity.The article suggests that the time-pressure criterion be replaced by the awareness criterion,and that a combination of methods should be used to gauge L2 implicit knowledge,at both receptive and productive levels,and in both visual and aural modalities.