走出学科危机:教育现代化进程中的大学学科建设

The Crisis of Discipline and Its Future Development in University:Also on the Discipline Construction in the Process of Educational Modernization

当代科学技术发展高度综合与交叉的新趋势对知识生产模式提出了新要求,大学传统上建立在知识分类体系基础上的学科制度在新知识生产模式下面临深刻危机,囿于学科壁垒的封闭式知识生产限制了大学的创新活力,知识生产过程中未能实现“学科逻辑”与“问题逻辑”相统一,学科存在的合法性与学科建设的有效性都受到质疑。通过历史与现实两个维度的审视,知识生产过程中对于专业化分工的需要没有发生根本性变化,对学者个体而言“专”是“跨”的前提,因此学科本身不会从大学里消亡。但未来的学科建设应当通过系统性变革,打破既有的学科壁垒,建立贯通知识生产中“营地”与“阵地”的矩阵式运行结构,促进学科的交叉、会聚与融合,使得学科在大学的科学研究、人才培养与社会服务等活动中更好地发挥作用。

Discipline appeared as a set of knowledge classification system in response to the development and differentiation of human knowledge.The development of science and technology imposes higher requirements on knowledge synthesis nowadays.The new knowledge production mode brings challenges to traditional discipline systems.But there is no fundamental change in the need for specialization in the process of knowledge production.Therefore,it will not make the discipline system out of date.However,the discipline operation mechanism and discipline construction methods must be reformed.It is very important to create an institutional environment conducive to the convergence of disciplines.It can help discipline to play a better role in scientific research,talent training and other activities in university.