土地利用结构变化对农户生计策略选择的影响--以陕西省黄陵县为例

The impact of land use structure change on farmer′s livelihood strategy choice:a case study of Huangling county,Shaanxi province

以陕西省黄陵县为例,采用问卷调查、参与式农村评估方法、种植多样化指数、Logistic回归分析模型等研究方法,对土地利用结构变化对农户生计策略选择的影响和农户未来生计策略选择趋向进行分析。结果表明:黄陵县农户生计策略类型中典型纯农户很少,兼业户和非农户是主体,社会经济的发展改变了农户生计策略结构;不同生计策略农户在空间上的分布具有差异性,同类生计策略农户在经济收入结构上有一定的相似性;农户种植多样化程度呈下降趋势,种植类型逐渐单一化;土地流转对于农户选择生计策略影响较大,土地流转后农户选择非农户生计策略的可能性最高。黄陵县各镇农户从事兼业生计类型是近期农户主要选择的生计策略,增加经济收入是调整生计策略的关键,外出就业是目前黄陵县农村剩余劳动力的主要转移途径。

To study the influence of the change of land use structure in rural areas on the choice of livelihood strategies of farmers, taking Huangling county of Shaanxi province as an example, questionnaire survey, participatory rural appraisal, planting diversity index, Logistic regression analysis model and other research methods were used to study farmers′ livelihood strategies and land use patterns. The influencing factors of farmers′ livelihood strategy choice and the trend of farmers′ future livelihood strategy choice were analyzed. The results show that among the types of farmers′ livelihood strategy in Huangling county, both farmers and non-farmers are the main body, and the development of society and economy has changed the structure of farmers′ livelihood strategy. The spatial distribution of farmers with different livelihood strategies is different, and the economic income structure of farmers with the same livelihood strategy is similar to that of farmers with different livelihood strategies. The degree of farmers′ planting diversification shows a downward trend, and the planting type is gradually simplified. Land transfer has a great impact on farmers′ choice of livelihood strategy.After land transfer, farmers are most likely to choose non-farmers′ livelihood strategy. The livelihood type of farmers engaged in concurrent work in Huangling county is the main livelihood strategy chosen by farmers in the near future, increasing economic income is the key to adjust the livelihood strategy, and going out for employment is the main way to transfer the rural surplus labor force in Huangling county at present.