试论我国体育法律体系的建立与完善--以《中华人民共和国体育法》修改为视角

Establishment and Improvement of China’s Sports Legal System--Based on the Revision of The Sports Law of the People’s Republic of China

依法治体有赖于我国体育法律体系的建立与完善。目前,我国体育法律体系暂可分为全民健身、竞技体育、特殊人群体育、体育产业、反兴奋剂和体育纠纷解决6个部分,每个部分都有各自相对独立的调整对象。《中华人民共和国体育法》(以下简称《体育法》)立法起步较晚,在调整复杂的体育法律关系时尚不够成熟、完善,目前形式和内容上均存在一定问题,部分领域纯粹依靠政策调整,法律缺位现象严重。结合我国法治建设现状,在现行体育法律制度框架内梳理六大体育法律制度内容,明确《体育法》与体育领域法规、政策调整范围上的差异决定了其调整内容的概括性、普遍性与严谨性,不能寄希望于通过体育立法(含修法)及时、彻底地解决改革和发展中面临的所有问题。新一轮《体育法》修订既要直面不断发展变化的国内外新形势、新情况、新变化给我国体育法律制度建设提出的新要求,也要注重调整内容的有限性与原则性,规则的具体细化可交由法规规章完成,待时机成熟再将具备条件的法规逐步上升为法律。

Governing sports by law depends on the establishment and improvement of China’s sports legal system.At present,China’s sports legal system can be temporarily divided into six parts:National fitness,competitive sports,special group sports,sports industry,anti-doping and sports dispute resolution.Each part has its own relatively independent adjustment object.Due to the late start of the legislation of China’s sports law,it is not mature and perfect to adjust the complex sports legal relationship.There are some problems in the form and content.Some areas rely solely on policy adjustments,and the lack of law is serious.According to the current situation of China’s rule of law construction,this paper combs the contents of six major sports legal systems within the framework of the current sports legal system,and clarifies the differences between“China’s Sports Law”and the regulation and policy adjustment scope in the field of sports.This determines the generality,universality and preciseness of the content of the regulation of the sports law,and it is impossible to hope that the adoption of sports legislation(including amendments)will promptly and thoroughly solve all problems faced in reform and development.The new round of“China’s Sports Law”revision should not only directly face the new requirements for the construction of China’s sports legal system due to the constantly changing domestic and foreign situations,new conditions,and new changes,but also pay attention to the limitation and principle of adjustment content.The specific refinement of the rules can be completed by the regulations and rules,and when the time is right,the qualified regulations can be gradually upgraded to the law.