定位化肥牛粪配施对设施蔬菜产量和土壤肥力的影响

Effect of combined application of fertilizer and cow manure on yield and soil fertility of protected vegetable

采用定位施肥方式,连续多次在同一保护地块化肥减量配施牛粪,通过大棚蔬菜种植试验,设置对照(CK,单施复合肥2250 kg/hm^(2))、低(L,66.7%CK+有机肥30000 kg/hm^(2))、中(M,33.3%CK+有机肥4500kg/hm^(2))及高(H,单施有机肥60000 kg/hm^(2))4个不同化肥减量配施有机肥底肥处理,探究其对设施蔬菜土壤基础肥力、根系细菌、真菌、放线菌数量及作物产量、品质的影响。试验结果表明:随着化肥减量配施有机肥比例的增加,土壤(0~20 cm)全氮含量及有效磷含量也呈上升趋势,且随着定位试验栽培茬次的增多,各处理间差异性越来越大;与对照相比,化肥配施有机肥可以提高作物根系土壤细菌和放线菌数量,降低真菌数量;就产量和品质方面而言,整体以M处理效果最好,尤其第4茬辣椒相比对照增产12.37%,维生素C含量比对照显著提高33.52%。

The method of location-based fertilization was used to reduce the amount of fertilizer and apply cow manure in the same protection plot for many times.In the experiment of greenhouse vegetable planting,four different chemical fertilizers,including the control(CK,single compound fertilizer 2250 kg/hm^(2)),low(L,66.7%CK+organic fertilizer 30000 kg/hm^(2)),medium(M,33.3%CK+organic fertilizer 45000 kg/hm^(2)),and high(H,single organic fertilizer 60000 kg/hm^(2)),were set up to explore their effects on the soil basic fertility,root bacteria,fungi,actinomycetes as well as crop yield and quality.The results showed that with the increase of the proportion of reducing fertilizer and organic fertilizer,the content of total nitrogen and available phosphorus in 0~20 cm soil also showed an increasing trend,and with the increase of the number of planting stubble,the differences among the treatments were more and more big.Compared with the control,the combination of chemical fertilizer and organic fertilizer increased the number of bacteria and actinomycetes in the root soil of crops,and reduced the number of fungi.In terms of yield and quality,the treatment of M was the best,in particular,the fourth crop of Capsicum increased production by 12.37%compared with the control,the content of vitamin C was 33.52%higher than that of the control.