复合微生物肥对碱土生物学性状与土壤肥力的影响

Effects of compound microbial fertilizers on biological properties and available nutrients of alkaline soil

为探讨复合微生物肥对碱土的改良效果,对内蒙古农业大学海流图科技园区碱土试验地开展了施用复合微生物肥的田间试验,探讨了其对土壤生物学性状和土壤肥力的影响。结果表明:施用复合微生物肥处理较不施肥处理显著降低了耕层土壤pH和EC值,分别降低0.32~0.88个单位和0.17~0.39 mS/cm;显著提高了土壤酶活性、微生物碳氮、有机质和速效养分含量,过氧化氢酶、脲酶、磷酸活性酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高62.90%~158.06%、57.66%~74.82%、38.89%~69.44%和41.37%~53.25%;土壤微生物碳、氮、碳氮比和微生物熵分别提高71.41%~82.36%、29.13%~31.84%、30.16%~37.13%和33.33%~37.68%;土壤有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾含量分别提高22.48%~35.19%、22.40%~33.33%、104.04%~132.97%和34.28%~37.82%。施用复合微生物肥处理较习惯施肥处理降低了耕层土壤pH和EC值,分别降低0.16~0.72个单位和0.06~0.28 mS/cm;显著提高了土壤酶活性、微生物碳氮、有机质和速效钾含量,土壤脲酶、磷酸活性酶和蔗糖酶活性分别提高15.82%~28.42%、21.95%~48.78%和29.32%~40.19%;土壤微生物碳、氮、碳氮比和微生物熵分别提高37.07%~45.82%、15.79%~18.22%、26.27%~33.03%和21.05%~25%;土壤有机质和速效钾含量分别提高10.40%~21.85%和23.66%~41.19%。以上结果表明,施用复合微生物肥能明显改善碱土的生物学性状,提高土壤肥力,不同施肥量梯度中,1500 kg/hm^(2)处理的综合效应最好。

In order to explore the improvement effect of compound microbial fertilizer on alkaline soil,a field test of applying compound microbial fertilizer on the alkaline soil was carried out at the test site of Hailiutu Science and Technology Park,Inner Mongolia Agricultural University,and its effects on soil biological characteristics and soil fertility were discussed.The results showed that the application of the compound microbial fertilizer treatment significantly reduced the pH and EC values of the ploughed layer soil,which decreased by 0.32~0.88 units and 0.17~0.39 mS/cm,respectively.The soil enzyme activity,microbial carbon and nitrogen,organic matter,and fast-acting nutrient content were significantly improved.Catalase,urease,phosphatase active enzyme and sucrase activity increased by 62.90%~158.06%,57.66%~74.82%,38.89%~69.44%and 41.37%~53.25%.Soil microbial carbon,nitrogen,carbon-nitrogen ratio and microbial entropy increased by 71.41%~82.36%,29.13%~31.84%,30.16%~37.13%and 33.33%~37.68%,respectively.Soil organic matter,alkaline nitrogen,available phosphorus and available potassium content increased by 22.48%~35.19%,22.40%~33.33%,104.04%~132.97%and 34.28%~37.82%.Compared with the conventional fertilization treatment,the application of compound microbial fertilizer treatment reduced the pH and EC values of the cultivated layer soil by 0.16~0.72 units and 0.06~0.28 mS/cm,respectively;significantly increased soil enzyme activity,microbial carbon and nitrogen,organic matter,and available potassium content;Soil urease,phosphatase active enzyme and sucrase activity increased by 15.82%~28.42%,21.95%~48.78%and 29.32%~40.19%,respectively;soil microbial carbon,nitrogen,carbon-nitrogen ratio and microbial entropy increased by 37.07%~45.82%,15.79%~18.22%,26.27%~33.03%and 21.05%~25%;soil organic matter and available potassium content increased by 10.40%~21.85%and 23.66%~41.19%,respectively.The above results show that the application of composite microbial fertilizer can obviously improve the biological properties of alkaline soil and soil fertility.Among different gradients of fertilizer application,the comprehensive effect of 1500 kg/hm^(2)treatment is the best.