深松耕和绿肥还田对云南坡耕地耕层土壤物理性状的影响

Effects of subsoiling tillage and green crop returning to sloping farmland on soil physical properties

利用间作、深松耕和绿肥还田对土壤耕层结构不同的改善作用,将三者集成于同一系统中以发挥各自优势并催生彼此间的协同效应,从而建立适宜持续改善坡耕地耕层结构的耕作措施。于2016~2019年以滇东北规模化种植模式玉米间作马铃薯为研究对象,在此基础上集成利用深松耕与绿肥还田措施。本试验设置6个处理,分别为:T1.玉米单作(对照);T2.玉米/苕子;T3.玉米‖马铃薯;T4.玉米‖马铃薯/苕子;T5.深松耕+玉米/苕子;T6.深松耕+玉米‖马铃薯/苕子,研究不同措施对土壤紧实度、容重和剪切力的影响。结果表明,不同种植模式中,单作处理土壤容重、紧实度和剪切力均高于间作处理;6个处理中,深松耕+玉米‖马铃薯/苕子处理土壤容重、紧实度和剪切力均低于其他处理,在玉米收获期差异显著(P<0.05),与对照相比,土壤容重4年分别降低4.60%、7.00%、3.86%和3.17%;紧实度4年分别降低16.98%、15.06%、30.82%和16.75%;剪切力4年分别降低19.59%、47.72%、23.4%和28.31%。研究表明,玉米间作马铃薯与深松耕、绿肥还田集成应用技术通过利用协同效应,发挥各自优势,达到持续改善土壤耕层结构,为云南山区坡耕地耕层合理构建提供依据。

Utilizing the different effects of intercropping,subsoiling and green manure return to the soil on the structure of the soil plow layer,the three are integrated in the same system to give play to their respective advantages and promote synergies among them,thereby establishing farming measures suitable for continuous improvement.In 2016~2019,a large-scale planting model of maize intercropping potatoes in Northeast Yunnan was taken as the research object.Based on this,integrated measures of subsoiling and green manure return to the field were used.Six treatments were set up in this experiment,including T1.Single crop of maize;T2.Maize/Green manure;T3.Maize‖Potato;T4.Maize‖Potato/Green manure;T5.Subsoiling+Maize/Green manure;T6.Subsoiling+Maize‖Potato/Green manure.The effects of different measures on soil compaction,soil bulk density and soil shear force were studied.The results showed that the soil bulk density,compactness and shear force of the single cropping treatment were higher than those of the intercropping treatment in different planting modes.Among the 6 treatments,the soil bulk density,compactness,and shearing force of the Subsoiling+Maize‖Potato/Green manure treatment were lower than those of other treatments.The difference in corn harvest time was significant(P<0.05).Compared with the control,soil bulk density decreased by 4.60%,7.00%,3.86%and 3.17%in 4 years;compactness decreased by 16.98%,15.06%,30.82%and 16.75%in 4 years;the shear force decreased by 19.59%,47.72%,23.4%and 28.31%in 4 years.The overall research shows that the integrated application technology of corn intercropping potato with subsoiling and green manure return to the field can take advantage of their respective advantages to achieve continuous improvement of the structure of the soil plow layer,and provide a basis for the rational construction of the plow layer on the slope farmland in the mountainous area of Yunnan.