我国粮种技术的专利风险评价体系及预警机制构建初探

Preliminary Study on Patent Risk Evaluation System and Early Warning Mechanism of Grain Seed Technology in China

[目的/意义]种子是粮食安全的根基,是农业技术的“芯片”,专利是粮种技术知识产权保护的重要形式。在国际粮食生产和贸易形势发生重大变革的环境下,建立我国粮种技术专利风险防范和预警机制的重要性凸显。[方法/过程]通过专家访谈、文献调研和数据检索分析,梳理了粮种技术的技术点及其专利IPC类别,探析了全球粮种技术的专利竞争总体态势。[结果/结论]从国家粮食安全的视角,基于我国创新实践的“专利组合管理—研发规划决策—自主创新能力”理论分析框架,分析粮种技术的专利风险维度,建立了专利风险评价的指标体系,探讨粮种技术专利预警机制的构建路径,提出推进专利预警工作的举措和建议。

[Objective/Significance]Seed is the foundation of food security and the“chip”of agricultural technology.Patent is an important form of intellectual property rights of grain seed technology.At present,important changes have taken place in the international food situation,thus it is important to establish the risk early warning mechanism of grain technology patent in China.[Methods/Process]Through expert interviews,literature research and data retrieval analysis,this paper sorted out the technical points and patent IPC categories of grain seed technology,and analyzed the overall situation of patent competition of global grain seed technology.[Results/Conclusions]From the perspective of national food security,based on the theoretical analysis framework of“patent portfolio management—R&D planning decision-making—independent innovation ability”,the patent risk dimension of grain technology was analyzed,the index system of patent risk evaluation was established,the construction path of patent early warning mechanism of grain technology was discussed,and the measures and suggestions to promote patent early warning were put forward.