立法促德如何可能——关于文明行为促进条例的伦理学思考

How Public Legislation Promotes Social Etiquettes:Ethical Analysis on Chinese Ethical Standards Promotion Norms

文明行为促进条例是关于道德的专门、系统的立法,在国家治理和道德建设中发挥着越来越重要的作用。自深圳市2012年制定文明行为促进条例以来,全国多地颁布实施了类似的地方法规。“文明行为”是在文明意识支配下的合乎国家法律、社会公德以及公序良俗等社会规范的且有利于提高个体文明素养和推动社会道德进步的行为。依据引导和约束行为的不同,文明行为促进条例包括文明行为的标准和文明行为促进工作应当遵循的标准这两类不同性质的行为规范。文明行为促进条例中文明行为的规范应包括倡导性规范、禁止性规范和重点治理三个部分;文明行为促进工作的开展应遵循以人为本、德法兼治和社会共治三个原则。依据社会主义核心价值观三个层面,文明行为的促进和保障也可以分别从国家、社会和个人三个层面得以施行,即制订宏观、中观、个体“三位一体”的文明行为促进方案。

The Ethical Standards Promotion Norms are specialized and systematic legislation on morality.They play an increasingly important role in national governance and moral construction.Since the Ethical Standards Promotion Norms were formulated at Shenzhen in 2012,similar local regulations have been promulgated and implemented in many cities across the country.“Ethical behavior”is a behavior that conforms to national laws,social ethics,public order,good customs and other social norms under the control of ethical consciousness.It is conducive to individual civilization and social moral progress.Based on the difference in guiding and restraining behaviors,the Ethical Standards Promotion Norms include two different types of behavioral norms:standards for ethical behaviors and standards that should be followed in the promotion of ethical behaviors.The ethical behavior norms in the Ethical Standards Promotion Norms should include three parts:advocacy norms,prohibitive norms and key governance.The process of ethical behavior promotion work should follow the three principles of people-oriented,moral and legal governance,and social co-governance.According to the three levels of socialist core values,the promotion and protection of ethical behaviors can also be implemented from three levels of country,society,and individuals,that is,to formulate a macro,medium and individual“trinity”promotion plan for ethical behavior.