优秀激流回旋运动员体能训练负荷安排实证研究

Empirical Study on the Load Arrangement of Physical Training for Elite Canoe Slalom Players

目的:基于国家激流回旋队(以下简称“国家激流队”)体能训练问题与系列改革措施,实证优秀激流回旋运动员体能训练负荷安排效果,并提出相应建议。方法:通过文献资料综述了优秀激流回旋运动员体能特征,采用跟踪调查法记录国家激流队体能训练负荷安排,以国家激流队15名健将级运动员为研究对象,对其体能指标进行测试,采用SPSS 25.0进行描述统计。结果:我国优秀激流回旋运动员有氧能力、专项力量与划船速度均不同程度落后于国际优秀运动员,国家激流队于2016年进行了一系列体能训练改革,运动员体能水平明显提升。结论:提高优秀激流回旋运动员全年有氧训练比例,科学安排有氧训练的负荷量与强度;全年保持较高比例的肌肉力量与划桨功效性力量训练比例,重点发展运动员划桨的峰值桨力、功率与力量耐力;根据不同阶段任务,合理安排不同目的速度训练比例,既要重视发展运动员静水划船基础速度,也要强化高强度、高速度的全程竞速能力。

Objective:Based on the physical training issues and a series of reform measures in Chinese canoe slalom team,the effect of physical training load arrangements for elite canoe slalom athletes were demonstrated,and corresponding suggestions were put forward.Methods:The literature method was used to review the physical characteristics of elite canoe slalom players,and the tracking investigation method was used to record the physical training load arrangements of the Chinese canoe slalom team,15 elite canoe slalom players were recruited from the Chinese national team and the physical fitness index was tested,and SPSS 25.0 was used for descriptive statistics.Results:The aerobic capacity,specific strength and paddling speed of the Chinese elite players fell behind of those of the world top kayakers to varying degrees.The Chinese national team carried out a series of physical training reforms in 2016,and the athletes'physical fitness level had been significantly improved.Conclusion:The percentage of aerobic training for elite canoe slalom athletes throughout the year should be increased,and arrangements of their training load and intensity should be designed reasonably,and a higher ratio of muscle strength and paddling efficiency strength training throughout the year should be maintained,and it should focus on developing the peak force,power and strength endurance of paddling;the speed training ratios for different purposes should be arranged reasonably according to different tasks at different stages,both the basic speed of paddling in flat water and full run racing ability with high intensity and high speed should be emphasized.