含氧敷料对巴马小型猪皮肤全层创伤愈合效果研究

Study on the effect of oxygenated excipients on full-thickness wound healing in Bama mini-pigs

目的探究含氧敷料对巴马小型猪皮肤全层创伤的愈合效果。方法以巴马小型猪为实验动物来制备动物模型,采用同体自身作为对照,在每头猪背部进行剃毛和伤口规划,以背部脊柱为正中线,在两边分别均匀规划出4块5 cm×5 cm的正方形全层伤口,采用特制致伤器在伤口规划的部位进行取皮操作,形成8个大小相等且深至肌肉筋膜的全层皮肤缺损创面,左侧对照组用普通纱布进行包扎,右侧实验组采用含氧敷料进行包扎。分别于术后不同时间点(0 d、7 d、14 d、21 d)对各组小型猪全层皮肤缺损创面进行大体观察以及取伤口中心组织进行苏木精-伊红(HE)、免疫组织化学和Masson染色后在显微镜下进行组织学观察。结果实验组和对照组从7 d开始全部结痂,21 d时痂皮基本全部脱落,实验组的瘢痕较为湿润柔软且光滑;对照组仍有零星痂皮尚未脱落且瘢痕粗糙。HE染色结果显示,7 d时,实验组表皮基底层细胞形成良好,而对照组表皮基底层细胞形成不良;14 d时,实验组表皮棘层细胞增殖明显好于对照组;21 d时,对照组和实验组表皮均已完成修复,但实验组真皮层细胞修复明显好于对照组。免疫组化结果显示,实验组中CD31的表达在7 d和14 d显著高于对照组,在21 d时明显低于对照组。Masson染色结果显示在治疗的7 d和14 d,实验组中蓝色胶原纤维的增殖明显强于对照组,且在14 d时排列紧密,并交织成网,在21 d时,对照组中胶原纤维才出现增殖。结论含氧敷料对巴马小型猪皮肤全层创伤的愈合有显著促进作用,有助于促进表皮细胞基底层和棘层细胞以及真皮血管内皮细胞和成纤维细胞的增殖,进而促进伤口的良性愈合。

Objective To explore the healing effect of oxygenated excipients on full-thickness skin wounds in Bama mini-pigs.Methods The Bama miniature pig was used as the experimental animal to prepare the animal model.The homologous self was used as a control.The back of each pig was shaved and wound planning.The back spine was taken as the midline,and 4 pieces of 5 cm×5 cm square full-thickness wounds were evenly planned on both sides.A special wound-inducing device was used to remove the skin at the planned part of the wound to form 8 full-thickness skin defects of equal size and deep to muscle fascia.The left control group was bandaged with ordinary gauze.The experimental group on the right was bandaged with oxygenated excipients.After that,at different time points after the operation(0 d,7 d,14 d,21 d),gross observation of the full-thickness skin defect wounds of each group of miniature pigs and the central tissue of the wound were taken for hematoxylin-eosin(HE),immunohistochemistry and masson analysis.Results In general,the experimental group and the control group had all scabs from 7 d,and almost all the scabs fell off at 21 d,but the scars in the experimental group were relatively moist,soft and smooth,while the control group still had sporadic scabs that had not fallen off and the scars were rough.The results of HE staining showed that at 7 d,the basal layer of the epidermis of the experimental group formed well,while the control group had poorly formed epidermal basal layer.At 14 d,the proliferation of epidermal spinous cells in the experimental group was significantly better than that of the control group.At 21 d,the epidermis has been repaired both in the control group and in the experimental group,but the dermal cell repair in the experimental group is significantly better than that in the control group.The results of immunohistochemistry showed that the expression of CD31 in the experimental group was significantly higher than that in the control group at 7 and 14 d,and was significantly lower than that in the control group at 21 d.The results of Masson staining showed that the proliferation of blue collagen fibers in the experimental group was significantly stronger than that in the control group at 7 and 14 d of treatment,and they were tightly arranged and interwoven into a network at 14 d.At 21 d,the proliferation of collagen fibers in the control group were just appeared.Conclusion Oxygen-containing excipients can significantly promote the healing of full-thickness skin wounds in Bama mini-pigs,and help promote the proliferation of epidermal cells,basal layer and spinous layer cells,dermal vascular endothelial cells and fibroblasts,thereby promoting benign wound healing.