第三方支付场景下洗钱罪立法反思与调适

Legislative Reflection and Adjustment of Money Laundering Crime in the Context of Third-party Payment

《刑法修正案(十一)》对洗钱罪的修改具有积极意义,但未充分回应以第三方支付为代表的金融科技创新对洗钱罪提出的立法修改要求。以洗钱罪重灾区之第三方支付为领域进行场景化分析可知,洗钱罪应继续在上游犯罪范围、行为方式、主观心态等方面进行制度创新。未来再次修改洗钱罪时,立法者应考虑将传销犯罪、赌博犯罪、税收犯罪等典型类罪扩充为上游犯罪,将获取、占有与使用行为扩充为洗钱罪行为手段,删除“为掩饰、隐瞒”之立法表述,以解决第三方支付场景下洗钱罪主观方面认定困难的问题,并谨慎考虑是否增设过失洗钱罪。

Criminal law amendment(Ⅺ)is of positive significance to the amendment of the crime of money laundering,but it does not fully respond to the legislative amendment requirements of the financial technology innovation represented by the third-party payment.Based on the scene analysis of the third-party payment in the hardest hit areas of money laundering crime,we can see that the system innovation of money laundering crime should continue in the scope of upstream crime,behavior,subjective mentality and other aspects.When revising the money laundering crime again in the future,legislators should consider expanding the typical crimes such as pyramid selling crime,gambling crime and tax crime into upstream crimes,expanding the behavior of acquisition,possession and use into the behavior means of money laundering crime,and deleting the legislative expression of“for covering up and concealing”,so as to solve the problem of subjective identification of money laundering crime in the context of third-party payment,and carefully consider whether to add the crime of negligent money laundering.