清末张荫棠整饬西藏吏治始末

Zhang Yintang’s Ordering the Administration of Xizangat the End of Qing Dynasty

清末张荫棠整饬西藏吏治是其奉旨“查办事件”的重要一环,其力度和广度充分体现出清朝中央政府对西藏地方的有效整治。张荫棠彻查腐败、整饬吏治,使以驻藏大臣有泰为首的汉藏贪腐官员受到了惩处,其中虽有有泰为了自保实施反控告、噶厦办理不力以及英方阻挠等一些曲折,也引起了“番民皆言棠太宽,而汉官反讥棠太猛”等一些议论,但清廷总体上予以大力支持,西藏地方广大僧俗百姓更是“无怨言,亦无抗阻之事”,予以大力支持和拥护,最终“业将贪劣汉藏官分别奏参惩撤”,取得了“汉官威令始行,民气一震”的显著成效。总体而言,在英国第二次侵藏战争后的特殊时期,张荫棠彻查腐败、整饬吏治,稳定了人心、扭转了局面、树立了权威,具有十分重要的积极意义,是清末边疆治理史上值得浓墨重彩的一笔。更为重要的是,张荫棠在当时提出的“维系边圉人心,首在澄肃吏治”至今不失其思想光芒。

At the end of Qing Dynasty,Zhang Yintang ordered the officials of Tibet as an important part of his edict to“investigate the incidents”.Its strength and breadth fully reflected the central government’s effective regulation of Tibet.Zhang thoroughly investigated the corruption and ordered the administration.The Qing court on the whole gave strong support,and the majority of monks and ordinary people in Tibet had“no complaints and no resistance”,and gave them strong support.In general,in the special period after the Second British war of ag⁃gression against Tibet,Zhang thoroughly investigated corruption,ordered the administration of government,stabi⁃lized the public,reversed the situation,and established the authority,which had very important positive signifi⁃cance.More importantly,Zhang put forward the idea of“maintenance of side recognition,the first in the clean-up of bureaucracy”which has not lost the light of his thought.