小说视域下虎婆形象的比较

Comparison on Different Versions of Hupo Image from the View of Fiction

明清时期福建地区的虎婆信仰,应该与当地的虎患密切相关。但在反映陈靖姑信仰的小说《闽都别记》与《临水平妖传》中,虎婆则形成了不同版本的传说故事。《闽都别记》中的虎婆是吸收了诸多民间传说要素而形成的虎妖形象,而《临水平妖传》中的虎婆则更加接近传统神魔小说的女道形象。两部小说都为虎婆设置了非凡的出身与显赫的师承,民众借此完成了对虎婆形象的“标准化”改造。此举使虎婆继承了来自黎山老母与陈靖姑信仰的正统性,也使得虎婆的根本属性从宁靖虎患的女神成为临水宫仙班的一员。

The beliefs of Hupo in Fujian during the Ming and Qing Dynasties should be closely related to the local tiger infestation,but in the novels Mindu Beiji and Linshui Pingyaozhuan,which reflect the beliefs of Chen Jinggu,Hupo forms different versions of the legendary story.Hupo in Mindu Bieji is an image of the weretiger formed by absorbing many elements of folklore,while Hupo in Linshui Pingyaozhuan is closer to the image of Taoist priests in traditional Gods and demons fiction.In these novels,an extraordinary birth and distinguished pedigree was set up for Hupo,and the people completed the“standardizaiton”transformation of the image of Hupo.This move enabled Hupo to inherit the legitimacy from Lishanlaomu and Chen Jinggu,and also made Hupo’s fundamental attributes from the goddess who repels the tiger to a member of Linshui Palace’s immortal class.