徐乾学、朱彝尊与《永乐大典》辑佚

Xu Qianxue,Zhu Yizun and the Collection and Compiling of Lost Works from Yongle Dadian

清代学者最早何时开始从《永乐大典》中辑佚,向来为学界所重视。前贤认为康熙年间徐乾学已有“辑录《大典》之议”,甚至将其推为“清代倡议《大典》辑佚第一人”。但从《补刻编珠序》一文看,徐乾学虽然已经注意到皇史宬所藏《永乐大典》,并有“刊录颁布”的想法,但没有明确提出辑佚的主张。与徐乾学过从甚密的朱彝尊曾寻访《永乐大典》,且收藏过辑自《永乐大典》的易祓《周礼总义》。《周礼总义》可能是清人最早从《永乐大典》中辑出的一部典籍,但具体辑佚人物、时间和动机尚难考知。《永乐大典》在康熙朝重新受到学者关注,背景应该是当时官私层面大规模的编纂图书活动。

Academia has paid much attention to the topic that when the scholars in the Qing dynasty began to collect lost works from Yongle Dadian. Previous research thought that Xu Qianxue "discussed about collecting and compiling works from Yongle Dadian", and has believed him as "the first person who proposed to collect lost works from Dadian in the Qing dynasty". However, based on the text "Bu Ke Bianzhu Xu", though Xu had noticed Yongle Dadian collected in the Imperial Archive, and had the idea of "transcribing and engraving it for dissemination", he didn’t clearly proposed to collect and compile lost works from it. Zhu Yizun, an intimate friend of Xu Qianxue, once strove to look for Yongle Dadian, and collected Yi Fu’s Zhouli Zongyi compiled from Yongle Dadian. Zhouli Zongyi might be the first ancient work compiled from Dadian in the Qing dynasty, but the questions such as who compiled it, when it was done and why he did it are hard to be solved. During the reign of Qianlong, scholars got interested in Yongle Dadian again under the background that both official and private large-scale book compiling was thriving.