基于无人机航测的露天矿爆堆形态与延期间隔的研究

Blasting Shape and Delay Interval of Open Pit Mine based on UAV Aerial Survey

在露天矿爆破工程中,爆破延时对爆堆形态有着重要的影响。研究爆堆形态特征随爆破延时的变化规律,可以优化爆破设计方案,便于铲装、运输及破碎等后序工序的进行,提高矿山生产效益。矿山生产中爆堆形态主要通过爆堆的高度、外形特征等方面进行评价。通过分析爆堆形态是否符合铲装设备生产要求可评价爆破效果的理想性。选取某露天矿山台阶爆破工程为背景,运用无人机倾斜摄影测量技术获取矿山爆堆倾斜影像数据,使用Smart 3D进行三维爆堆模型构建,提取爆堆模型轮廓曲线,研究逐孔起爆时不同延时下爆堆形态特征,孔间延时23 ms、排间延时50 ms下爆堆评价指标总体优于其他组别,更适用于该矿山爆破生产。通过Matlab软件选用Weibull函数进行爆堆形态拟合,得到Weibull函数参数α取值范围为1.0297~1.2194,β取值范围为1.1754~1.8040。

In open-pit mine blasting,blasting delay time has an important influence on the shape of the blasting pile.The study on the variation law of blasting pile shape characteristics with changing delay time can optimize the blasting design scheme,facilitate the subsequent procedures such as shovel loading,transportation and crushing,and improve the mine production efficiency.The shape of the blasting pile in mine production is mainly evaluated by the height and shape characteristics of the blasting pile.The ideality of the blasting effect can be evaluated by analyzing whether the shape of the blasting pile meets the production requirements of shovel loading equipment.Taking a bench blasting project of an open-pit mine,the UAV tilt photogrammetry technology was used to obtain mine blasting pile tilt image data,and built a blasting pile model with smart 3D.The contour curve of blasting pile model was extracted,and the shape characteristics of blasting pile under different delay time were studied.The evaluation index of blasting pile under the delay time with 23 ms between holes and 50 ms delay between rows was better than those of other groups,which was more suitable for blasting production in the mine.Through MATLAB software,the Weibull function was selected to fit the shape of the explosive heap,and the value range of parameterαof Weibull function was 1.0297~1.2194,and the value range ofβwas 1.1754~1.8040.