野胡麻的生药学研究

Study on Pharmacognosy of Dodartia orientalis

目的:建立野胡麻的生药学鉴定方法。方法:对不同产地野胡麻全草的性状特征进行鉴别考察;以野胡麻全草为研究对象,分别对根、茎、果实的粉末特征以及根、茎、叶的组织构造特征进行考察;以标志性成分京尼平苷为标准品,采用薄层色谱(Thin layer chromatography,TLC)进行理化鉴别,对不同产地野胡麻成分进行分析。结果:野胡麻为多年生直立草本,茎近基部被棕黄色鳞片,叶呈针状或宽条形,全缘或有疏齿,叶为异面叶。总状花序顶生,花萼近革质,花冠紫色或深紫红色。根横切面韧皮部较宽,形成层明显,其粉末中石细胞具有长方形和圆形两种石细胞,网纹导管多见,具含针晶的薄壁细胞。茎横切面髓为中空,有石细胞环带存在,形成层不明显,不等式气孔多见,螺纹导管较多,非腺毛长而弯曲。果实的粉末中可见果皮细胞壁连珠状增厚。野胡麻中含有多种化合物,且其环烯醚萜苷类成分且其含量较高。结论:本实验建立方法简便、可行,为野胡麻的生药学鉴定提供理论依据。

Objective To establish a method for pharmacognostic identification of Dodartia orientalis.Methods The characteristics of Dodartia orientalis from different areas were identified,the powder characteristics of root,stem an-d fruit and the tissue structure characteristics of root,stem and leaf were inve-stigated respectively,and the landmark ingredient geniposide was used as the standard,and the components of Dodartia orientalis from different areas were analyzed by thin layer chromatography(Thin layer chromatography,TLC).Results Dodartia orientalis is a perennial erect herb,the stem is brownish yellow scales near the base,the leaves are needle-shaped or broadly striped,entire or sparsely toothed,and the leaves are heterofacial leaves.Racemes terminal,caly-x subleathery,Corolla purple or deep purplish red.The phloem in the transverse section of the root is wide and the cambium is obvious.the stone cells in t-he powder have two kinds of stone cells:rectangular and round,reticulated du-cts are common,and there are parenchyma cells containing needle crystals.In the cross section of the stem,the medulla is hollow,there are stone cell bands,the cambium is not obvious,the inequality stomata are common,there are many threaded ducts,and the non-glandular hairs are long and curved.The cel-l wall of pericarp was thickened one after another in the powder of the fruit.Dodartia orientalis contains a variety of compounds,and its iridoid glycosides are high in content.Conclusion The method established in this experiment is simple and feasible,which provides a theoretical basis for the pharmacognosti-c identification of Dodartia orientalis.