顾炎武《音学五书·音论卷》中的入声理论

The Thought of the Entering Tone on the Book of Yin Xue Wu Shu·Yin Lun by Gu Yanwu

顾炎武是清代古音韵学的开创者,其入声理论集中体现于《音学五书·音论卷》。对《音学五书·音论卷》的入声内容进行精细分析,概括出关于入声的三个方面的基本认识:“古人四声一贯”“入为闰声”“近代入声之误”。其中,“古人四声一贯”指平、上、去、入四声在上古诗歌韵文中互相通贯,“入为闰声”指入声是平、上、去三声的变声,而“近代入声之误”则是顾炎武入声韵与阴声韵相配的理论基础。

Gu Yanwu is the pioneer of the study of ancient phonology in the Qing Dynasty.His thoughts of the entering tone are concentrated on the book of Yin Xue Wu Shu·Yin Lun.This paper has sorted out the content of the entering tone in the book of Yin Lun,and summarized the three basic thoughts:"the ancient four tones are interpenetrated","the entering tone category is a variational tone"and"the error of the modern entry tone".It founds that"the ancient four tones are interpenetrated"refers to the four tones that are consistent with each other in ancient poems and rhymes.Besides,"the entering tone category is a variational tone"refers to the sound of entering as the change of the three tones,which is the level tone,the rising tone and the departure tone.Furthermore,"the error of the modern entry tone"is the basis theoretical of the entering tone matching with the yin tone.