环渤海地区常见贝类消费状况调查

Investigation on Consumption Status of Shellfish in Areas Around Bohai Sea

目的:了解环渤海地区常见贝类消费量及消费习惯等状况,为贝类毒素暴露评估提供基础数据。方法:选择山东省青岛市、山东省烟台市、辽宁省大连市等3个环渤海城市开展调查,由培训合格的调查员以面对面询问的方式填写调查问卷,主要调查消费量最高的季节平均1个月内常见贝类的消费种类、频率、消费量,消费的季节特征,购买、清洗和烹调习惯等内容。贝类的食用量以可食部生重计。采用SPSS 19.0进行数据的统计分析。结果:共调查850人,其中男性466人(54.8%)。消费品种以蛤蜊(92.5%)、扇贝(84.1%)、牡蛎(76.9%)、贻贝(50.2%)为主。烟台市调查对象贻贝的消费比例在3个地区中最高(P<0.05);烟台和大连扇贝、牡蛎、毛蛤蜊和蛏子的消费比例高于青岛(P<0.05),而烟台和大连之间没有差异(P>0.05);蛤蜊的消费比例在3个城市中没有差别(P>0.05)。消费量方面,贻贝合计人均消费量最高,为1370 g/月,其次是蛤蜊,为1122 g/月。青岛蛤蜊的人均消费量最高,为1198 g/月;烟台和大连均以贻贝人均消费量为最高,分别为1963 g/月、826 g/月。贝类消费的卫生习惯方面,55.6%的人吃扇贝会去除内脏,95.2%的人处理完贝类会洗手。在所有调查对象中,贝类毒素的知晓率仅为17.6%(150/850)。结论:3个城市调查对象贝类海产品消费比例和消费量均较高,是贝类毒素和其他贝类相关危害因子的高风险人群,应重点关注。

Objective To understand the consumption and habits of shellfish in areas around Bohai sea and provide basic data for the assessment of shellfish poisoning exposure.Method Three cities around Bohai Sea,Qingdao,Yantai and Dalian were selected to carry out the survey.Qualified investigators filled out the questionnaire by face-to-face survey.The consumption types,frequency,consumption,seasonal characteristics,purchase,cleaning and cooking habits of common shellfish in one month of the season with the highest consumption were mainly investigated.The weight of edible part was used to represent the consumption of shellfish.SPSS 19.0 software was applied for statistical analysis.Result A total of 850 people were investigated,including 466 men(54.8%).Clams(92.5%),scallops(84.1%),oysters(76.9%),mussels(50.2%)were the main kinds of shellfish consumption.The consumption proportions of mussels were the highest in Yantai among three cities(P<0.05).The consumption proportions of scallops,oyster,hairy clams and razor clams were higher in Yantai and Dalian than in Qingdao(P<0.05),while there were no significant differences between Yantai and Dalian(P>0.05).The consumption proportions of clams among three cities had no significant differences(P>0.05).In terms of consumption,the total per capita consumption of mussels was highest among all kinds of shellfish(1370 g/month),followed by clams(1122 g/month).Qingdao had the highest per capita consumption of clams,1198 g/month.Yantai and Dalian had the highest per capita consumption of mussels,1963 g/month and 826 g/month respectively.For shellfish consumption habits,55.6%of subjects would remove the internal organs when they eat scallops,and 95.2%of people would wash their hands after handling shellfish.Among all the respondents,the awareness rate of shellfish poisoning was only 17.6%(150/850).Conclusion The consumption proportion and quantity of shellfish seafood in the three cities were high,and citizens could be the high risk population of shellfish toxin and other shellfish related hazards in these three cities and should be focused on.