维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘丧失功能的原因分析与护理对策

Analysis of the Causes of the Loss of Function of Arteriovenous Fistula in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients and the Nursing Countermeasures

目的分析维持性血液透析患者动静脉内瘘失功的相关原因,并总结护理对策。方法回顾性分析我院2018年3月至2019年5月收治的维持性血液透析患者的临床资料,总计150例患者。其中动静脉内瘘失功10例,分析原因,总结护理干预措施。结果导致失功原因为4类,包括患者自身问题及穿刺技术差、压迫止血过久、产生较多的透析超滤、负压抽吸比实际血流量大,对应发生率分别为60.00%、20.00%、10.00%、10.00%。结论根据血液透析患者动静脉内瘘失功的基本原因,进行术前及术后护理、穿刺方法改善、提高穿刺技术等干预可以积极预防。

Objective To analyze the related causes of arteriovenous fistula failure in maintenance hemodialysis patients and summarize the nursing strategies.Methods The clinical data of maintenance hemodialysis patients admitted to our hospital from March 2018 to May 2019 were retrospectively analyzed,with a total of 150 patients.Among them,10 cases of arteriovenous fistula lost function,the reasons were analyzed,and nursing intervention measures were summarized.Result The reasons for loss of work include four categories,including the patient's own problems and poor puncture techniques,excessive compression to stop bleeding,more dialysis and ultrafiltration,and negative pressure suction than the actual blood flow.The corresponding incidence rates are 60.00%and 20.00%,10.00%,10.00%.Conclusion According to the basic causes of arteriovenous fistula failure in hemodialysis patients,interventions such as preoperative and postoperative care,improvement of puncture methods,and improvement of puncture techniques can be actively prevented.