基于山水林田湖草项目的荒漠绿洲生态系统服务评价研究——以喀什市为例

Research on Evaluation of Desert Oasis Ecosystem Service Based on the Project of Mountains,Wa⁃ters,Forests,Fields,Lakes and Grasses——Take Kashgar as an Example

以喀什市为研究区,使用千年生态系统评估(MA)方法,从生态系统供给服务、调节服务、支持服务、文旅服务等4个生态服务功能方面开展了基于山水林田湖草项目的荒漠绿洲生态系统服务评价研究。结合山水林田湖草项目实施方案,将工程项目实施的生态效益价值量化,对比工程项目投资,评价项目实施方案的科学合理性。结果表明:(1)喀什市各生态系统单位面积生态服务价值,水域>湿地-草地>阔叶乔木-灌木林地>绿洲农田>荒漠-戈壁;(2)喀什市各生态系统生态服务价值总量,水域>湿地-草地>绿洲农田>阔叶乔木-灌木林地>荒漠-戈壁;(3)喀什市各生态系统中,绿洲农田主要提供供给服务,水域主要提供调节服务,湿地-草地主要提供支持服务和文旅服务;(4)《喀什地区山水林田湖草生态保护修复工程项目实施方案》规划的喀什市工程项目科学合理,工程项目的实施能使喀什市荒漠绿洲生态系统更好地发挥生态服务功能,为当地提供更多的生态产品。

Taking Kashgar as the research area,using the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment(MA)methodology to carry out research on the evaluation of desert oasis ecosystem services from four aspects:ecosystem supply services,regulation services,support services,and cultural and travel services based on mountains,waters,forests,fields,lakes and grasses project.Combine the project implementation plan to quantify the ecological benefit value of the project implementation.Compare the project investment and evaluate the scientific rationality of the project imple⁃mentation plan.The results showed that:(1)ecological service value per unit area of each ecosystem in Kashgar,wa⁃ter area>wetland-grassland>broad-leaved trees-shrubland>oasis farmland>desert-Gobi;(2)the total ecologi⁃cal service value of each ecosystem in Kashgar,water area>wetland-grassland>oasis farmland>broad-leaved trees-shrubland>desert-Gobi;(3)among the ecosystems of Kashgar City,oasis farmland mainly provides supply services,water areas mainly provide regulation services,and wetland-grassland mainly provides support services and cultural tourism services;(4)the Kashgar city engineering project planned in the“Implementation Plan for the Eco⁃logical Protection and Restoration Project of Mountains,Waters,Forests,Fields,Lakes and Grasses in Kashgar”is scientific and reasonable,and the implementation of the project can enable the desert oasis ecosystem of Kashgar to better perform its ecological service functions and provide more ecological products for the local area.