欢腾式发展:泰北乡村农家乐项目的民族志研究

Effervescence Development:An Ethnographic Study of the Rural Homestay Project in Northern Thailand

进入21世纪以来,泰国的政党政治发生了重要转变,原来的代理式政党被以项目为基础的纲领式政党取代,国家和社会组织在乡村地区推行了许多发展项目。文章运用集体欢腾的概念,对泰北乡村的农家乐项目进行民族志描述和分析。农家乐项目的实施过程嵌入在地方文化实践当中,表现为项目在原有的有灵空间中展开,通过多主体参与的方式来实现,以及项目实施过程所具有的集体欢腾的特点。文中将这种项目治理模式归纳为欢腾式发展。欢腾式发展的成功之处在于强化了社区的共同体意识,项目实施过程的意义超越了用单一的经济发展指标考量项目实施结果的意义,而国家权力和其他社会力量的绩效也在项目实施过程中得以实现。项目实施过程中所体现出来的社区生活的丰富性、开放性以及重组的可能性应当成为国家与社会治理的重要目标。

At the beginning of the twenty-first century,Thailand's party politics has undergone important changes,in that the old-style‘clientelistic parties have been replaced by‘programme-based party.The state and social organizations have introduced many development projects in rural areas.In this paper,the concept of collective effervescence is used to describe and analyze the homestay projects in northern Thailand.The implementation process of homestay project is embedded in local cultural practice,which shows that the project is carried out in the original spiritual space,realized by multi-agent participation and the features of collective effervescence during the project implementation process.In this paper,the project governance model is summarized as effervescence development.The success of effervescence development lies in the reinforcement of a sense of community,the breakthrough by not using a single economic indicator and the performance of state power and other social forces can also be realized during the implementation of the project.This paper argues that the richness and openness of community life and the possibility of reorganization reflected in the process of project implementation should be the important objectives of national and social governance.