要素错配对中国粮食全要素生产率的影响

Effects of Factors Misallocation on The TFP Growth in China's Grain Industry

基于超越对数生产函数的随机前沿模型对2000-2017年中国水稻、小麦和玉米等三类粮食作物TFP进行测算,并在构建要素错配指数的基础上,对单位规模土地上投入的劳动、机械、化肥和种子等4种要素错配对粮食作物实际TFP增长率的影响进行时空差异分析。研究结果显示,2000-2017年粮食作物的实际TFP增长率平均为2.24%,有效TFP增长率约为0.73%;狭义技术进步对TFP增长的拉动作用在减弱,要素配置效率的优化对TFP的提升作用在增强;劳动投入过度比较突出,是引发粮食生产要素配置不优的主要原因;从空间区域来看,东部地区要素错配程度相对较低,西部地区相对较高;中部地区粮食作物的实际TFP增长率对要素错配的敏感度要强于东部和西部地区。

The article takes the rice,wheat and maize as the objects to study the effects of production factors misallocation on the total factor productivity(TFP)growth in China's grain industry,by the stochastic frontier model of the translog production function.Based on extracting the factor misallocation indexes,the paper investigates the effects of labor,machinery,fertilizer and seed's misallocation on real TFP growth per mu land from the time-space dimension.The results show that:(1)The average growth rate of real TFP is 2.24%from 2000 to 2017,and the effective TFP growth is about 0.73%.(2)The pulling role of the technological progress(TP)on TFP growth is becoming weakened,while factor allocation efficiency improves TFP significantly.(3)The misallocation degrees of the four factors are different in six-grain crop production,among which the excessive labor inputs are more prominent.(4)From the regional level,the factors misallocation degree in the eastern is relatively low while that in western is high.(5)The relationship between factors misallocation and real TFP growth is not linear.Relatively,the sensitivity in the central region is stronger than in the eastern and western.