论宪法和法律委员会开展合宪性审查:审查原则与职能分析

Constitutional Review by the Constitutional and Law Commission in China:Principles and Functions

在人民代表大会制度的框架内构建合宪性审查制度,经过多方权衡利弊,最终选择设立“宪法和法律委员会”来协助全国人大及其常委会开展合宪性审查工作。这一方案符合渐进式改革的思维模式,对现有政治制度造成的波动最小,能够在保持政治秩序稳定与追求审查效果之间实现平衡。在此之后,还需要明晰宪法和法律委员会开展合宪性审查的原则,结合我国的国情,首要是坚持党的领导,确保审查始终符合制度设计的初衷。除此之外,还需要审视《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于全国人民代表大会宪法和法律委员会职责的决定》赋予宪法和法律委员会的职能,明晰各项职能之间隐藏的逻辑关联,使其与未来的审查实践有机结合起来,唯有如此,才能从整体上统一推进合宪性审查工作。

To build a constitutional review mechanism in the framework of the People's Congress system,China chooses to set up the Constitution and Law Committee to assist the National People's Congress and its Standing Committee to carry out constitutional review work.It is in line with the mode of gradual reform,which would lead to minimum political impact to the existing political system and be able to keep the balance between maintaining the stability of political order and pursuing the effect of review.China needs to clarify the principles of constitutional review by the Constitution and Law Committee.In the context of existing conditions,China should firstly adhere to the leadership of the CPC to ensure that the review always conforms to the original intention.In addition,China also needs to examine the functions of the commission granted by the Decision,clarify the hidden logical connection among various functions,and organically combine them with the review practice in the future.Only in this way can China well promote the constitutional review work.