大型煤电开发的公众生态环境风险信息获取研究

Research on public ecological environment risk information acquisition in large coal-fired power base development

生态环境风险信息获取与沟通可有效缓解煤电基地生态环境破坏引起的社会风险,本文依据风险信息寻求与加工模型(RISP),对锡林浩特煤电基地周围社会公众进行问卷调查,定量分析煤电基地开发过程中生态环境风险信息获取情况与偏好。结果表明:公众对煤电基地生态环境风险信息获取较不充分概率高达51.5%;互联网作为获取风险信息来源受53.4%的公众青睐,公众对各渠道生态环境风险信息表示信任概率高达50%,且带有数据的生态环境风险信息可将不信任概率明显降低至14.6%;牧民的风险信息获取充分性和获取能力相对较低,风险信息获取渠道传统且单一,提高牧民受教育程度与收入可有效提高信息获取充分性并丰富风险信息获取渠道;对比政府保护政策,受访者对企业种植植被、围栏封育等直接有效且效果明显的生态环境保护措施更加满意。建议煤电基地开发全过程建立公众参与机制,多渠道加强风险教育并长效实施风险信息沟通。

The acquisition and communication of ecological and environmental risk information can effectively mitigate the social risks caused by ecological and environmental damage in coal power base.According to the risk information seeking and processing model(RISP),a questionnaire survey was conducted on the social population around Xilinhaote coal power base.The acquisition and preference of ecological risk information during the development of coal-fired power bases was quantitatively analyzed.The results show the following four points:The probability of inadequate access to eco-environmental risk information of coal-fired power base is as high as 51.5%.The Internet as a source of risk information is favored by 53.4%of the public,and the probability of public expressing trust in eco-environmental risk information of various channels is as high as 50%,and the probability of distrust in eco-environmental risk information with data is significantly reduced to 14.6%.Herdsmen’s adequacy and ability of risk information acquisition are relatively low,and the risk information acquisition channel is traditional and single.Improving residents’educational level can effectively improve the adequacy of information acquisition and enrich the access to risk information.Compared with protection policies,the respondents are in favor of eco-environmental protection measures,such as vegetation planting,enclosure,etc.which are carried out in a direct and effective way.It is suggested that that the mechanism of public participation targeted at the social groups be established,risk education through various channels be enhanced and long-term information communication mechanism be implemented during the whole process of the development in coal and electricity bases.