2018-2019年乌鲁木齐市儿童呼吸道病毒感染分析

Analysis of respiratory virus infection in children in Urumqi,Xinjiang from 2018 to 2019

目的通过实时荧光PCR法对2018-2019年乌鲁木齐市两家医院的呼吸道感染患儿进行呼吸道病毒及肠道病毒检测和流行病学三间分布分析,确定呼吸道疾病的病原及呼吸道病毒分型,以期合理配置卫生资源,科学制定预防与治疗方案。方法针对呼吸道病毒及肠道病毒高保守序列设计特异性引物和荧光探针,利用荧光信号累积实时监测整个聚合酶链式反应(PCR)进程,通过标准曲线对未知模板进行定量分析,对2018-2019年乌鲁木齐市儿童医院和米东区人民医院的呼吸道感染患儿903份咽拭子样本进行检测。同时对于呼吸道病毒的病原学及流行特征进行统计学分析。结果903例临床标本中,肺炎病毒检出率为1.55%,流行高峰在2月,检出率为4.17%;呼吸道腺病毒检出率为5.76%,流行高峰在8月,检出率为9.52%;呼吸道合胞病毒检出率为15.73%,流行高峰在1月,检出率为31.45%;呼吸道鼻病毒检出率为6.09%,流行高峰在9月,检出率为17.78%;肠道病毒检出率为4.32%,流行高峰在5月,检出率为14.29%。随着年龄增加呼吸道病毒检出率呈现下降趋势,0~<4岁组检出率最高。结论乌鲁木齐市儿童呼吸道病毒感染的主要病原体为呼吸道合胞病毒。防控重点人群是0~<7岁儿童,重点季节为冬春季,应加强相应监测。

Objectives To analyze the distribution of respiratory viruses and enteroviruses and epidemiological distribution among children with respiratory tract infections in two hospitals in Urumqi from 2018 to 2019 by real-time fluorescent PCR method to determine the epidemiology of respiratory diseases and the distribution of respiratory viruses.It was of great significance for Urumqi city to rationally allocate health resources and scientifically formulate prevention and treatmentprograms.Methods Specific primers and fluorescent probes were designed for highly conserved sequences of respiratoryviruses and enteroviruses.The accumulation of fluorescent signals was used to monitor the entire PCR process in real time.The unknown template was quantitatively analyzed by a standard curve.903 samples of pharyngeal swabs from children withrespiratory tract infections in the Urumqi Children’s Hospital and People’s Hospital of Midong District were tested.At thesame time,the pathogenic and epidemiological characteristics of respiratory viruses were statistically analyzed.Results In903 clinical samples from 2018 to 2019,the detection rate of pneumonia virus was 1.55%,the epidemic peak was inFebruary,the detection rate was 4.17%;the detection rate of respiratory adenovirus was 5.76%,the epidemic peak was inAugust,the detection rate was 9.52%;the detection rate of respiratory syncytial virus was 15.73%,the epidemic peak was inJanuary,the detection rate was 31.45%;the detection rate of respiratory rhinovirus was 6.09%,the epidemic peak was inSeptember,the detection rate was 17.78%;the detection rate of enterovirus was 4.32%;the epidemic peak was in May,thedetection rate was 14.29%.In terms of age,the detection rate of respiratory virus showed a downward trend with the increaseof age,and the detection rate of 0-<4 years old group was the highest.Conclusion s The main pathogen of respiratory virusinfection in children in Urumqi was respiratory syncytial virus.The key population for prevention and control were childrenaged 0-<7 years old and primary and middle school students.The key season was winter and spring;RSV was the main pathogen in children with acute respiratory infections in Urumqi,and surveillance should be strengthened.